PART 1:SOLID-STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

1 SURFACE AND INTERFACE DEFECTS IN IONIC CRYSTALS&N.F.Uvarov

1 Introduction

1.1 Solid Electrolytes and Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensors:A Brief Overview

1.2 Surface and Interface Properties of Ionic Solids

2 Calculation of the Surface Potential and Surface Defects Using the Stern Model

2.1 Description of the Model

2.2 Pure Crystals of the NaCl Type

2.3 Surface Potential in NaCl Crystals Containing Divalent Cations

2.4 Comparison with Experimental Data

2.5 Surface Potential and Concentration of Point Defects on Grain Boundaries of Superionic Oxide Ceramics

2.6 Surface Disorder in Terms of Energy Diagrams

2.7 Defects on Interfaces

3 Size Effects in Nanocomposite Solid Electrolytes

4 Applications in Sensors

5 Conclusions

References

2 SOLID-STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL GAS SENSORS&C.O.Park I.Lee D.R.Lee J.W.Fergus N.Miura H.J.Yoo

1 Introduction

2 Electrode Potentials

3 Types of Electrochemical Sensors

3.1 Equilibrium Potentiometric Sensors

3.2 Mixed Potentiometric Sensors

3.3 Amperometric Sensors

4 Applications

4.1 Oxygen Sensors

4.2 Carbon Dioxide Sensors

4.3 NOx Sensors

4.4 SOx Sensors

4.5 Hydrogen Sensors

Acknowledgments

References

PART 2:ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR LIQUID ENVIRONMENTS

3 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF IONIC TRANSPORT PROCESSES THROUGH IDEAL ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE SYSTEMS&A.A.Moya

1 Introduction

2 Theoretical Description

2.1 Ionic Transport in Ideal Ion-Exchange Membrane Systems

2.2 Electric Current Perturbations

2.3 Analytical Solutions

3 The Network Model

4 Network Simulation

4.1 Transient Response

4.2 Electrochemical Impedance

5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Appendix

Acknowledgments

References

4 MECHANISM OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS,BASED ON MODELING OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THE MEMBRANE AND ANALYTE&R.-I.Stefan-van Staden

1 Introduction

2 The Membrane-Solution Interface

3 Membrane Configuration

4 New Theoretical Model for Potential Development Based on Membrane Equilibria

5 Mechanism of the Potential Development

6 Modeling—A Theoretical Approach to Predict the Response and Mechanism of Potential Development

7 Selectivity of Potentiometric Sensors:Explanation through Membrane Equilibria

7.1 Influence of the Composition of the Membrane on the Selectivity of Potentiometric Sensors

8 Conclusions

References

5 COMPUTER MODELING OF THE POTENTIOMETRIC RESPONSE OF ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES WITH IONOPHORE-BASED MEMBRANES&K.N.Mikhelson

1 Introduction

2 Physical Models of Ionophore-Based Membranes

2.1 Levels of ISE Membrane Modeling

2.2 One-Dimensional Approach to ISE Membrane Modeling

2.3 Segmented Model of the ISE Membrane

2.4 Integral Model of the ISE Membrane

3 Computer Modeling for the Phase Boundary Theory

3.1 Description of the ISE Response in Mixed Solutions Containing Differently Charged Ions

3.2 Description of Apparently Non-Nernstian Response Slopes of Ion-Selective Electrodes

4 Modeling Using the Multispecies Approximation

4.1 The Essence of the Multispecies Approximation

4.2 System of Equations for Implementation of the Multispecies Model

4.3 Selected Results of Modeling Using the Multispecies Approximation

5 Diffusion Layer Model:Example of Local Equilibrium Modeling

6 Advanced Nonequilibrium Modeling in Real Time and Space

7 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

6 MODELS OF RESPONSE IN MIXED-ION SOLUTIONS FOR ION-SENsITIVE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS&Sergio Bermejo

1 Introduction

2 ISFET Basics

2.1 Principles of Electrochemical Operation

2.2 Structures and Materials

3 Electrochemical Models

3.1 The Metal-Solution Junction

3.2 The Oxide--Solution Junction

3.3 Membrane-Based ISFETs

3.4 A General Approach for ISFET Modeling in Mixed-Ion Solutions

4 Conclusions

Appendix:SPICE Models

References