1 Nucleus

Ⅰ．Nuclear Envelope

Ⅱ．Apoptosis

Ⅲ．Nucleolus

Ⅳ．Chromatin

Ⅴ．Chromosomes

Ⅵ．Types of DNA Damage and DNA Repair

Ⅶ．Clinical Importance of DNA Repair

Ⅷ．Cell Cycle

Ⅸ．Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes

Ⅹ．Tumor Suppressor Genes

Ⅺ．Oncofetal Antigens and Tumor Markers

Ⅻ．Transcription in Protein Synthesis

ⅩⅢ．Processing the RNA Transcript into mRNA

ⅩⅨ Selected Photomicrographs

2 Cytoplasm and Organelles

Ⅰ．Cytoplasm

Ⅱ．Ribosomes

Ⅲ．Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(rER)

Ⅳ．Translation

Ⅴ．Golgi Complex

Ⅵ．Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(sER)

Ⅶ．Mitochondria

Ⅷ．Lvsosomes

Ⅸ．Peroxisomes

Ⅹ．Cytoskeleton

Ⅺ．Lipofuscin

Ⅻ．Hemosiderin

ⅩⅢ．Glycogen

ⅩⅣ．Selected Photomicrographs

3 The Cell Membrane:Eicosanoids and ReceptorsSignal Transduction

Ⅰ．The Lipid Component of the Cell Membrane

Ⅱ．The Protein Component of the Cell Membrane

Ⅲ．Membrane Transport Proteins

Ⅳ．G Protein-linked Receptors

Ⅴ．Types of G Protein-linked Receptors

Ⅵ．Enzyme-linked Receptors

Ⅶ．Low-density Lipoprotein(LDL)Receptor

4 Epithelium

Ⅰ．Introduction

Ⅱ．Classification of Epithelium

Ⅲ．Apical Region

Ⅳ．Lateral Region

Ⅴ．Basal Region

Ⅵ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅶ．Selected Photomicrographs

5 Connective Tissue

Ⅰ．Introduction

Ⅱ．Ground Substance

Ⅲ．Fibers

Ⅳ．Cells

Ⅴ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅵ．Selected Photomicrographs

6 Cartilage

Ⅰ．Introduction

Ⅱ．Ground Substance

Ⅲ．Fibers

Ⅳ．Cells

Ⅴ．Blood Vessels and Nerves

Ⅵ．Chondrogenesis

Ⅶ．Hormonal Influence

Ⅷ．Repair

7 Bone

Ⅰ．Introduction

Ⅱ．Ground Substance

Ⅲ．Fibers

Ⅳ．Cells

Ⅴ．Blood Vessels and Nerves

Ⅵ．Osteogenesis

Ⅶ．Bone Repair

Ⅷ．Hormonal Influence

Ⅸ．Cartilage and Bone Comparison

Ⅹ．Clinical Considerations of Bone

Ⅺ．Clinical Considerations of Joints

Ⅻ．Selected Photomicrographs

8 Muscle

Ⅰ．Skeletal Muscle

Ⅱ．Cardiac Muscle

Ⅲ．Smooth Muscle

Ⅳ．Comparisons and Contrasts of Skeletal．Cardiac．and Smooth Muscle

Ⅴ．Selected Photomicrographs

9 Nervous Tissue

Ⅰ．The Neuron

Ⅱ．Neurotransmitters

Ⅲ．Parasympathetic Pharmacology

Ⅳ．Sympathetic Pharmacology

Ⅴ．Neuroglial Cells

Ⅵ．The Blood-Brain Barrier(BB)

Ⅶ．Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration

Ⅷ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅸ．Selected Photomicrographs

10 Heart and Blood Vessels

Ⅰ．Heart Layers

Ⅱ．Cardiac Myocytes

Ⅲ．Purkinje Myocytes

Ⅳ．Myocardial Endocrine Cells

Ⅴ．Conduction System

Ⅵ．Parasympathetic Regulation of Heart Rate

Ⅶ．Sympathetic Regulation of Heart Rate

Ⅷ．Clinical Consideration:Myocardial Infarction(MI)

Ⅸ．Tunics of Blood Vessels

Ⅹ．Types of Blood Vessels

Ⅺ．Functions of Endothelium

Ⅻ．Clinical Considerations

11 Blood

Ⅰ．Plasma

Ⅱ．Red Blood Cells

Ⅲ．Hemoglobin(Hb)

Ⅳ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅴ．White Blood Cells

Ⅵ．Platelets(Thrombocytes)

Ⅶ．Hemostasis(Blood Clotting)

Ⅷ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅸ．Red Bone Marrow(Myeloid Tissue)

Ⅹ．Selected Photomicrographs

12 Thymus

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Thymic Cortex．

Ⅲ．Thymic Medulla

Ⅳ．Types of Mature T Cells

Ⅴ．Blood-Thymus Barrier

Ⅵ．T Cell Lymphopoiesis(T Cell Formation)

Ⅶ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅷ．Selected Photomicrographs

13 Lymph Node

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Outer Cortex

Ⅲ．Inner Cortex

Ⅳ．Medulla

Ⅴ．Flow of Lymph

Ⅵ．Flow of Blood

Ⅶ．B-Cell Lymphopoiesis(B-cell Formation)

Ⅷ．Cytokines

Ⅸ．Clinical Consideration

14 Spleen

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．White Pulp

Ⅲ．Marginal Zone

Ⅳ．Red Pulp

Ⅴ．Blood Flow

Ⅵ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅶ．Hypersensitivity Reactions

15 Esophagus and Stomach

Esophagus

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Mucosa

Ⅲ．Submucosa

Ⅳ．Muscularis Externa

Ⅴ．Gastroesophageal(GE)Junction

Ⅵ．Clinical Considerations

Stomach

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Gastric Mucosa

Ⅲ．Gastric Glands

Ⅳ．Clinical Considerations

16 Small Intestine

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Intestinal Mucosa

Ⅲ．Intestinal Glands (Crypts of Lieberkühn)

Ⅳ．Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue(GALT;Peyer Patches)

Ⅴ．Clinical Considerations

17 Large Intestine(Colon)

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Large Intestinal Mucosa

Ⅲ．Intestinal Glands

Ⅳ．GUT-Associated Lymphatic Tissue(GALT)

Ⅴ．Anal Canal

Ⅵ．Clinical Considerations

18 Liver and Gallbladder

Ⅰ．Hepatocytes

Ⅱ．Kupffer Cells

Ⅲ．Hepatic Stellate Cells(Fat-Storing Cells;ITO Cells)

Ⅳ．Classic Liver Lobule

Ⅴ．Liver Acinus

Ⅵ．Repair(Regeneration)

Ⅶ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅷ．Selected Photomicrographs

19 Exocrine Pancreas and Islets of Langerhans

Ⅰ．Exocrine Pancreas

Ⅱ．Endocrine Pancreas

Ⅲ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅳ．Selected Photomicrographs

20 Respiratory System

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Trachea

Ⅲ．Bronchi

Ⅳ．Bronchioles

Ⅴ．Terminal Bronchioles

Ⅵ．Respiratory Bronchioles

Ⅶ．Alveolar Ducts

Ⅷ．Alveoli

Ⅸ．Surfactant

Ⅹ．Blood-Air Barrier

Ⅺ．Air Flow

Ⅻ．Clinical Considerations

ⅩⅢ．Selected Photomicrographs

21 Urinary System

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Internal Structure of the Kidney

Ⅲ．Nephrons

Ⅳ．Collecting Duct(CD)

Ⅴ．Renal Vasculature

Ⅵ．Hormonal Control of the Kidney

Ⅶ．Glomerular Filtration Barrier(GFB)

Ⅷ．Juxtaglomerular(JG)Complex

Ⅸ．Pharmacology of Diuretics

Ⅹ．Clinical Considerations

22 Hypophysis

Ⅰ．The Adenohypophysis

Ⅱ．Hormonal Secretion

Ⅲ．The Neurohypophysis

23 Thyroid

Ⅰ．Thyroid Follicles

Ⅱ．Follicular Cells

Ⅲ．Functions of T3 and T4

Ⅳ．Parafollicular Cells

Ⅴ Clinical Considerations

Ⅵ．Pharmacology of the Thyroid

Ⅶ．Selected Photomicrographs

24 Parathyroid

Ⅰ．Chief Cells

Ⅱ．Oxyphil Cells

Ⅲ．Calcium Homeostasis

Ⅳ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅴ．Pharmacology of Calcium Homeostasis

Ⅵ．Selected Photomicrographs

25 Adrenal

Ⅰ．Cortex

Ⅱ．The Medulla

Ⅲ．Selected Photomicrographs

26 Female Reproductive System

Ⅰ．Ovary

Ⅱ．Corpus Luteum

Ⅲ．Uterine Tubes (fallopian tubes;oviducts)

Ⅳ．Uterus

Ⅴ．The Menstrual Cycle

Ⅵ．Cervix

Ⅶ．Ectocervix

Ⅷ．Vagina

Ⅸ．Histopathology of the Vagina

Ⅹ．Breast

Ⅺ．Selected Photomicrographs

27 Male Reproductive System

Ⅰ．Testes

Ⅱ．Duct System

Ⅲ．Accessory Glands

28 Skin

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Epidermis

Ⅲ．Dermis

Ⅳ．Glands

Ⅴ．Nerves

Ⅵ．Clinical Considerations

29 Eye

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．Cornea

Ⅲ．Sclera

Ⅳ．Limbus

Ⅴ．Iris

Ⅵ．Ciliary Body

Ⅶ．Lens

Ⅷ．Retina

Ⅸ．Clinical Considerations

Ⅹ．Selected Photomicrographs

30 Ear

Ⅰ．General Features

Ⅱ．External Ear

Ⅲ．Middle Ear

Ⅳ．Internal Ear

Ⅴ．Clinical Considerations

Credits

Index