1.Design—A Separate Discipline

1.1 What is Design？

1.2 Introduction to the Book

2.Overview of the Design Process

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Phases of Aircraft Design

2.3 Aircraft Conceptual Design Process

2.4 Integrated Product Development and Aircraft Design

3.Sizing from a Conceptual Sketch

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Takeoff- Weight Buildup

3.3 Empty-Weight Estimation

3.4 Fuel-Fraction Estimation

3.5 Takeoff- Weight Calculation

3.6 Design Example: ASW Aircraft

4.Airfoil and Geometry Selection

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Airfoil Selection

4.3 Wing Geometry

4.4 Biplane Wings

4.5 Tail Geometry and Arrangement

5.Thrust-to-Weight Ratio and Wing Loading

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Thrust-to-Weight Ratio

5.3 Wing Loading

5.4 Selection of Thrust to Weight and Wing Loading

6.Initial Sizing

6.1 Introduction

6.2 “Rubber” vs “Fixed-Size” Engines

6.3 Rubber-Engine Sizing

6.4 Fixed-Engine Sizing

6.5 Geometry Sizing

6.6 Control-Surface Sizing

7.Configuration Layout and Loft

7.1 Introduction

7.2 End Products of Configuration Layout

7.3 Conic Lofting

7.4 Conic Fuselage Development

7.5 Flat-Wrap Fuselage Lofting

7.6 Circle-to-Square Adapter

7.7 Fuselage Loft Verification

7.8 Wing/Tail Layout and Loft

7.9 Wetted Area Determination

7.10 Volume Determination

7.11 Use of Computer-Aided Design （CAD） in Conceptual Design

8.Special Considerations in Configuration Layout

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Aerodynamic Considerations

8.3 Structural Considerations

8.4 Radar Detectability

8.5 Infrared Detectability

8.6 Visual Detectability

8.7 Aural Signature

8.8 Vulnerability Considerations

8.9 Crashworthiness Considerations

8.10 Producibility Considerations

8.11 Maintainability Considerations

9.Crew Station, Passengers, and Payload

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Crew Station

9.3 Passenger Compartment

9.4 Cargo Provisions

9.5 Weapons Carriage

9.6 Gun Installation

10.Propulsion and Fuel System Integration

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Propulsion Selection

10.3 Jet-Engine Integration

10.4 Propeller-Engine Integration

10.5 Fuel System

11.Landing Gear and Subsystems

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Landing Gear Arrangements

11.3 Tire Sizing

11.4 Shock Absorbers

11.5 Castoring-Wheel Geometry

11.6 Gear-Retraction Geometry

11.7 Seaplanes

11.8 Subsystems

Intermission: Step-by-Step Development of a New Design

12.Aerodynamics

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Aerodynamic Forces

12.3 Aerodynamic Coefficients

12.4 Lift

12.5 Parasite （Zero-Lift） Drag

12.6 Drag due to Lift （Induced Drag）

12.7 Aerodynamic Codes and Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD）

13.Propulsion

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Jet-Engine Thrust Considerations

13.3 Turbojet Installed Thrust

13.4 Thrust-Drag Bookkeeping

13.5 Installed-Thrust Methodology

13.6 Piston-Engine Performance

13.7 Turboprop Performance

14.Structures and Loads

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Loads Categories

14.3 Air Loads

14.4 Inertial Loads

14.5 Powerplant Loads

14.6 Landing-Gear Loads

14.7 Structures Fundamentals

14.8 Material Selection

14.9 Material Properties

14.10 Structural-Analysis Fundamentals

14.11 Finite Element Structural Analysis

15.Weights

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Approximate Group Weights Method

15.3 Statistical Group Weights Method

15.4 Additional Considerations in Weights Estimation

16.Stability, Control, and Handling Qualities

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Coordinate Systems and Definitions

16.3 Longitudinal Static Stability and Control

16.4 Lateral-Directional Static Stability and Control

16.5 Stick-Free Stability

16.6 Effects of Flexibility

16.7 Dynamic Stability

16.8 Quasi Steady State

16.9 Inertia Coupling

16.10 Handling Qualities

17.Performance and Flight Mechanics

17.1 Introduction and Equations of Motion

17.2 Steady Level Flight

17.3 Steady Climbing and Descending Flight

17.4 Level Turning Flight

17.5 Gliding Flight

17.6 Energy-Maneuverability Methods

17.7 Operating Envelope

17.8 Takeoff Analysis

17.9 Landing Analysis

17.10 Other Fighter Performance Measures of Merit

18.Cost Analysis

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Elements of Life-Cycle Cost

18.3 Cost-Estimating Methods

18.4 RDT＆E and Production Costs

18.5 Operations and Maintenance Costs

18.6 Cost Measures of Merit （Military）

18.7 Aircraft and Airline Economics

19.Sizing and Trade Studies

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Detailed Sizing Methods

19.3 Improved Conceptual Sizing Methods

19.4 Sizing Matrix and Carpet Plots

19.5 Trade Studies

20.Vertical Flight—Jet and Prop

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Jet VTOL

20.3 Prop VTOL and Helicopter

21.Extremes of Flight

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Rockets, Launch Vehicles, and Spacecraft

21.3 Hypersonic Vehicles

21.4 Lighter-Than-Air

22.Design of Unique Aircraft Concepts

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Flying Wing, Tailless, Lifting Fuselage, and Blended Wing Body

22.3 Delta and Double-Delta Wing

22.4 Forward-Swept Wing

22.5 Canard-Pusher

22.6 Multi-Fuselage

22.7 Asymmetrical

22.8 Joined Wing

22.9 Wing-in-Ground Effect

22.10 Unmanned/Uninhabited

23.Conceptual Design Examples

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Single-Seat Aerobatic

23.3 Lightweight Supercruise Fighter

Appendix A.Unit Conversion

Appendix B.Standard Atmosphere

Appendix C.Airspeed

Appendix D.Airfoil Data

Appendix E.Typical Engine Performance Curves

E.1 Afterburning Turbofan

E.2 High-Bypass Turbofan

E.3 Turboprop

Appendix F.Design Requirements and Specifications

Questions

References

Index

Supporting Materials