Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Database-System Applications

1.2 Purpose of Database Systems

1.3 View of Data

1.4 Database Languages

1.5 Relational Databases

1.6 Database Design

1.7 Data Storage and Querying

1.8 Transaction Management

1.9 Database Architecture

1.10 Data Mining and Information Retrieval

1.11 Specialty Databases

1.12 Database Users and Administrators

1.13 History of Database Systems

1.14 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART ONE RELATIONAL DATABASES

Chapter 2 Introduction to the Relational Model

2.1 Structure of Relational Databases

2.2 Database Schema

2.3 Keys

2.4 Schema Diagrams

2.5 Relational Query Languages

2.6 Relational Operations

2.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 3 Introduction to SQL

3.1 Overview of the SQL Query Language

3.2 SQL Data Definition

3.3 Basic Structure of SQL Queries

3.4 Additional Basic Operations

3.5 Set Operations

3.6 Null Values

3.7 Aggregate Functions

3.8 Nested Subqueries

3.9 Modification of the Database

3.10 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 4 Intermediate SQL

4.1 Join Expressions

4.2 Views

4.3 Transactions

4.4 Integrity Constraints

4.5 SQL Data Types and Schernas

4.6 Authorization

4.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 5 Advanced SQL

5.1 Accessing SQL From a Programming Language

5.2 Functions and Procedures

5.3 Triggers

5.4 Recursive Queries

5.5 Advanced Aggregation Features

5.6 OLAP

5.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 6 Formal Relational Query Languages

6.1 The Relational Algebra

6.2 The Tuple Relational Calculus

6.3 The Domain Relational Calculus

6.4 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART TWO DATABASE DESIGN

Chapter 7 Database Design and the E-R Model

7.1 Overview of the Design Process

7.2 The Entity-Relationship Model

7.3 Constraints

7.4 Removing Redundant Attributes in Entity Sets

7.5 Entity-Relationship Diagrams

7.6 Reduction to Relational Schemas

7.7 Entity-Relationship Design Issues

7.8 Extended E-R Features

7.9 Alternative Notations for Modeling Data

7.10 Other Aspects of Database Design

7.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 8 Relational Database Design

8.1 Features of Good Relational Designs

8.2 Atomic Domains and First Normal Form

8.3 Decomposition Using Functional Dependencies

8.4 Functional-Dependency Theory

8.5 Algorithms for Decomposition

8.6 Decomposition Using Multivalued Dependencies

8.7 More Normal Forms

8.8 Database-Design Process

8.9 Modeling Temporal Data

8.10 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 9 Application Design and Development

9.1 Application Programs and User Interfaces

9.2 Web Fundamentals

9.3 Servlets and JSP

9.4 Application Architectures

9.5 Rapid Application Development

9.6 Application Performance

9.7 Application Security

9.8 Encryption and Its Applications

9.9 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART THREE DATA STORAGE AND QUERYING

Chapter 10 Storage and File Structure

10.1 Overview of Physical Storage Media

10.2 Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage

10.3 RAID

10.4 Tertiary Storage

10.5 File Organization

10.6 Organization of Records in Files

10.7 Data-Dictionary Storage

10.8 Database Buffer

10.9 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 11 Indexing and Hashing

11.1 Basic Concepts

11.2 Ordered Indices

11.3 B＋-Tree Index Files

11.4 B＋-Tree Extensions

11.5 Multiple-Key Access

11.6 Static Hashing

11.7 Dynamic Hashing

11.8 Comparison of Ordered Indexing and Hashing

11.9 Bitmap Indices

11.10 Index Definition in SQL

11.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 12 Query Processing

12.1 Overview

12.2 Measures of Query Cost

12.3 Selection Operation

12.4 Sorting

12.5 Join Operation

12.6 Other Operations

12.7 Evaluation of Expressions

12.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 13 Query Optimization

13.1 Overview

13.2 Transformation of Relational Expressions

13.3 Estimating Statistics of Expression Results

13.4 Choice of Evaluation Plans

13.5 Materialized Views

13.6 Advanced Topics in Query Optimization

13.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART FOUR TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT

Chapter 14 Transactions

14.1 Transaction Concept

14.2 A Simple Transaction Model

14.3 Storage Structure

14.4 Transaction Atomicity and Durability

14.5 Transaction Isolation

14.6 Serializability

14.7 Transaction Isolation and Atomicity

14.8 Transaction Isolation Levels

14.9 Implementation of Isolation Levels

14.10 Transactions as SQL Statements

14.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 15 Concurrency Control

15.1 Lock-Based Protocols

15.2 Deadlock Handling

15.3 Multiple Granularity

15.4 Timestamp-Based Protocols

15.5 Validation-Based Protocols

15.6 Multiversion Schemes

15.7 Snapshot Isolation

15.8 Insert Operations，Delete Operations，and Predicate Reads

15.9 Weak Levels of Consistency in Practice

15.10 Concurrency in Index Structures

15.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 16 Recovery System

16.1 Failure Classification

16.2 Storage

16.3 Recovery and Atomicity

16.4 Recovery Algorithm

16.5 Buffer Management

16.6 Failure with Loss of Nonvolatile Storage

16.7 Early Lock Release and Logical Undo Operations

16.8 ARIES

16.9 Remote Backup Systems

16.10 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART FIVE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Chapter 17 Database-System Architectures

17.1 Centralized and Client-Server Architectures

17.2 Server System Architectures

17.3 Parallel Systems

17.4 Distributed Systems

17.5 Network Types

17.6 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 18 Parallel Databases

18.1 Introduction

18.2 I/O Parallelism

18.3 Interquery Parallelism

18.4 Intraquery Parallelism

18.5 Intraoperation Parallelism

18.6 Interoperation Parallelism

18.7 Query Optimization

18.8 Design of Parallel Systems

18.9 Parallelism on Multicore Processors

18.10 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 19 Distributed Databases

19.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Databases

19.2 Distributed Data Storage

19.3 Distributed Transactions

19.4 Commit Protocols

19.5 Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases

19.6 Availability

19.7 Distributed Query Processing

19.8 Heterogeneous Distributed Databases

19.9 Cloud-Based Databases

19.10 Directory Systems

19.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART SIX DATA WAREHOUSING，DATA MINING，AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Chapter 20 Data Warehousing and Mining

20.1 Decision-Support Systems

20.2 Data Warehousing

20.3 Data Mining

20.4 Classification

20.5 Association Rules

20.6 Other Types of Associations

20.7 Clustering

20.8 Other Forms of Data Mining

20.9 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 21 Information Retrieval

21.1 Overview

21.2 Relevance Ranking Using Terms

21.3 Relevance Using Hyperlinks

21.4 Synonyms，Homonyms，and Ontologies

21.5 Indexing of Documents

21.6 Measuring Retrieval Effectiveness

21.7 Crawling and Indexing the Web

21.8 Information Retrieval： Beyond Ranking of Pages

21.9 Directories and Categories

21.10 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART SEVEN SPECIALTY DATABASES

Chapter 22 Object-Based Databases

22.1 Overview

22.2 Complex Data Types

22.3 Structured Types and Inheritance in SQL

22.4 Table Inheritance

22.5 Array and Multiset Types in SQL

22.6 Object-Identity and Reference Types in SQL

22.7 Implementing O-R Features

22.8 Persistent Programming Languages

22.9 Object-Relational Mapping

22.10 Object-Oriented versus Object-Relational

22.11 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 23 XML

23.1 Motivation

23.2 Structure of XML Data

23.3 XML Document Schema

23.4 Querying and Transformation

23.5 Application Program Interfaces to XML

23.6 Storage of XML Data

23.7 XML Applications

23.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART EIGHT ADVANCED TOPICS

Chapter 24 Advanced Application Development

24.1 Performance Tuning

24.2 Performance Benchmarks

24.3 Other Issues in Application Development

24.4 Standardization

24.5 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 25 Spatial and Temporal Data and Mobility

25.1 Motivation

25.2 Time in Databases

25.3 Spatial and Geographic Data

25.4 Multimedia Databases

25.5 Mobility and Personal Databases

25.6 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 26 Advanced Transaction Processing

26.1 Transaction-Processing Monitors

26.2 Transactional Workflows

26.3 E-Commerce

26.4 Main-Memory Databases

26.5 Real-Time Transaction Systems

26.6 Long-Duration Transactions

26.7 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

PART NINE CASE STUDIES

Chapter 27 PostgreSQL

27.1 Introduction

27.2 User Interfaces

27.3 SQL Variations and Extensions

27.4 Transaction Management in PostgreSQL

27.5 Storage and Indexing

27.6 Query Processing and Optimization

27.7 System Architecture

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 28 Oracle

28.1 Database Design and Querying Tools

28.2 SQL Variations and Extensions

28.3 Storage and Indexing

28.4 Query Processing and Optimization

28.5 Concurrency Control and Recovery

28.6 System Architecture

28.7 Replication，Distribution，and External Data

28.8 Database Administration Tools

28.9 Data Mining

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 29 IBM DB2 Universal Database

29.1 Overview

29.2 Database-Design Tools

29.3 SQL Variations and Extensions

29.4 Storage and Indexing

29.5 Multidimensional Clustering

29.6 Query Processing and Optimization

29.7 Materialized Query Tables

29.8 Autonomic Features in DB2

29.9 Tools and Utilities

29.10 Concurrency Control and Recovery

29.11 System Architecture

29.12 Replication，Distribution，and External Data

29.13 Business Intelligence Features

Bibliographical Notes

Chapter 30 Microsoft SQL Server

30.1 Management，Design，and Querying Tools

30.2 SQL Variations and Extensions

30.3 Storage and Indexing

30.4 Query Processing and Optimization

30.5 Concurrency and Recovery

30.6 System Architecture

30.7 Data Access

30.8 Distributed Heterogeneous Query Processing

30.9 Replication

30.10 Server Programming in.NET

30.11 XML Support

30.12 SQL Server Service Broker

30.13 Business Intelligence

Bibliographical Notes

PART TEN APPENDICES

Appendix A Detailed University Schema

A.1 Full Schema

A.2 DDL

A.3 Sample Data

Appendix B Advanced Relational Design （contents online）

B.1 Multivalued Dependencies

B.3 Domain-Key Normal Form

B.4 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Appendix C Other Relational Query Languages （contents online）

C.1 Query-by-Example

C.2 Microsoft Access

C.3 Datalog

C.4 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Appendix D Network Model（contents online）

D.1 Basic Concepts

D.2 Data-Structure Diagrams

D.3 The DBTG CODASYL Model

D.4 DBTG Data-Retrieval Facility

D.5 DBTG Update Facility

D.6 DBTG Set-Processing Facility

D.7 Mapping of Networks to Files

D.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Appendix E Hierarchical Model（contents online）

E.1 Basic Concepts

E.2 Tree-Structure Diagrams

E.3 Data-Retrieval Facility

E.4 Update Facility

E.5 Virtual Records

E.6 Mapping of Hierarchies to Files

E.7 The IMS Database System

E.8 Summary

Exercises

Bibliographical Notes

Bibliography

Index