Herodotus

The Twittering of Birds From Istoria,Book Two(mid-5th century B.C.E.)

The Origin of the Class of Egyptian Interpreters From Istoria,Book Two(mid-5th century B.C.E.)

Anonymous('Aristeas')

The Work of the Seventy-Two From Aristeas to Philocrates(around 130 B.C.E.)

Marcus Tullius Cicero

Translating Greek Orations into Latin From De oratore(55 B.C.E.)

The Best Kind of Orator(46 B.C.E.)

Translating Greek Philosophy into Latin From De finibus bonorum et malorum(45-44 B.C.E.)

Philo Judaeus

The Creation of the Septuagint From De vita Mosis(20 B.C.E.?)

Horace(Quintus Horatius Flaccus)

Imitating in Your Own Words From Ars Poetica (20 B.C.E.?)

Paul of Tarsus

Rather Five Words with the Mind Than Ten Thousand in a Tongue 1 Corinthians 14(55 C.E.?)

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

What Is From Epistulae morales ad Lucilium,letter 58(63-65 C.E.)

Pliny the Younger(Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus) Imitation of the Best Models

Letter to Fuscus Salinator(85 C.E.?)

Quintilian(Marcus Fabius Quintilianus)

On What We Should Employ Ourselves When We Write From Institutio oratoria(96 C.E.?)

Aulus Gellius

On the Importance of Avoiding Strict Literalness From Noctes Atticae(100 C.E.?)

Epiphanius of Constantia(Salamis)

Producing an Unadulterated Translation From De mensuris et ponderibus(392)

Jerome(Eusebius Hieronymus)

The Best Kind of Translator Letter to Pammachius(395)

Who Was The First Lying Author?From Praefatio in Pentateuchem(401)

Augustine(Aurelius Augustinus)

The Use of Translations From De doctrina Christiana (428)

C.Chirius Fortunatianus

Translation as'Exercitatio'

From the Artis rhetoricae scholicae(5th century)

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

Committing the Fault of the True Interpreter From In Isagoge Porphyrii Commenta(5 10?)

Gregory the Great

Giving the Sense From Letter to Aristobulus(590/9 1)

Mangling the Sense From Letter to Narses(597/98)

John Scotus Eriugena

Translator,Not Expositor From Prologue to Translation of De caelesti hierarchia by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite(mid-9th century)

King Alfred

Translating Plainly and Clearly Preface to Translation of Boethius'Consolation of Philosophy(887?)

Translating Books Which Are Most Necessary For All Men to Know Letter to Bishop Waerferth(890/97)

Aelfric

Translating into Our Ordinary Speech From Preface to Book Ⅰ of Catholic Homilies(989)

Pure and Plain Words Preface to Book Ⅱ of Catholic Homilies(992)

Translating into Idiomatic English Preface to Genesis(997?)

Notker the German

Letter to Bishop Hugo yon Sitten(1015)

Burgundio of Pisa

The Risk of Altering So Great an Original

Preface to Latin Translation of St.John Chrysostom,Homilies on the Gospel of John(early 1170s)

Anonymous

The Three Kinds of Translating From Commemary on Boethius'De arithmetica(12th century)

Thomas Aquinas

Proem From Contra errores Graecorum(1263?)

Roger Bacon

On the Usefulness of Grammar From Opus Maius(1268?)

Jean de Meun

Translating for Lay People

From Prologue to Roman de la Rose(c.1280)

Plainly Rendering the Sense From Dedication to Translation of Boethius'Li Livres de Confort de Philosophie(between 1285 and 1305)

Dante Alighieri

Translation Destroys the Sweetness of the Original From Il convivio(1304-7)

Anonymous

Another Meaning From Ovide moralisé(early 14th century)

Richard Rolle

Following the Letter Prologue to English Translation of the Psalter(1330s)

John of Trevisa

Dialogue Between a Lord and a Clerk upon Translation(1387)

Coluccio Salutati

Letter to Antonio Loschi(1392)

Anonymous(John Purvey?)

On Translating the Bible(1395/97)

Leonardo Bruni

On the Correct Way to Translate(1424/26)

Duarte(Edward,King of Portugal)

The Art of Translating from Latin From O Leal Conselheiro(1430s)

William Caxton

Prologue to Aeneid(1490)

Desiderius Erasmus

Letter to Nicholas Ruistre(1503)

Letter to William Warham(1506)

Letter to William Warham(1507)

Letter to Maarten Lips(1518)

Thomas More

Whether the Clergy of This Realm Have Forbidden All the People to Have Any Scripture Translated into Our Tongue From A Dialogue Concerning Heresies and Matters of Religion(1529)

Martin Lumer

Circular Letter on Translation(1530)

William Tyndale

How Happeneth That Ye Defenders Translate Not One Yourselves?From An Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue(1531)

Juan Luis Vives

Practice in Writing From De Tradendis Disciplinis (1531）

Translation and Interpretation From De ratione dicendi(1533)

Etienne Dolet

The Way to Translate Well from One Language into Another(1540)

Elizabeth Tudor

Letter to Catherine Parr Preface to Her Translation of Queen Marguerite of Navarre,'The Glasse of the Synnefull Soule'(1544)

The Study of a Woman From Preface to Her Translation of Queen Marguerite of Navarre,A godly Medytacyon of the christen Sowle(1548)

Mikael Agricola

Preface to the New Testament(1548)

Joachim du Bellay

The Defense and Illustration of the French Language(1549)

Anna Cooke

The Study of Italian Justified From Preface to Her Translation of Bernadine Ochine,Fouretene sermons(1550?)

Jacques Peletier du Mans

Of Translation From L'art poétique(1555)

Roger Ascham

The Ready Way to the Latin Tongue From The Schoolmaster(1570)

Etienne Pasquier

Letter to Jacques Cujas(1576)

Letter to Odet de Tournebus(1576)

Margaret Tyler

M.T.to the Reader Preface to Her Translation of Diego Ortunez de Calahorra,A Mirrour of Princely Deedes and Knighthood(1578)

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne

We Call Barbarous Anything That is Contrary to Our Own Habits From'Des cannibales'(1580)

Gregory Martin

Five Sundry Abuses or Corruptions of Holy Scripture From the Preface to A Discovery of the Manifold Corruptions of the Holy Scriptures...(1582)

The Holy Scriptures Ought Not be Read Indifferently of All From'The Preface to the Reader',The New Testament of Jesus Christ(1582)

William Fulke

That None of These Five Abuses are Committed by Us From the Preface to A Defence ofthe Sincere and True Translations of the Holy Scriptures into the English Tongue,Against the Cavils of Gregory Martin(1583)

The Holy Scriptures Should Always Be in Our Mother Tongue From'Confutation of the Rhemists'Preface',Confutation of the Rhemist Testament (1589)

John Florio

The Epistle Dedicatory Preface to Translation of Montaigne's Essays (1603)

To the Courteous Reader Preface to Translation of Montaigne's Essays(1603)

George Chapman

The Preface to the Reader From His Translation of the Iliad(1611)

Miles Smith

The Translators to the Reader Preface to the Authorized Version ofthe Bible(1611)

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

Viewing Flemish Tapestries from the Wrong Side From Don Quixote,Part Ⅱ(1615)

Jean Chapelain

To the Reader Preface to Le Gueux,ou la vie de Guzmán d'Alfarache(1619-20)

Joseph Webbe

Perceiving the Custom of the Ancients From An Appeal to Truth,Concerning Art and Use(1622)

Suzanne du Vegerre

The Author's Epistle to the READER Preface to Her Translation of John Peter Camus,Admirable Events(1639)

John Denham

"To Sir Richard Fanshaw upon His Translation of Pastor Fido"(1648)

Preface to The Destruction of Troy(1656)

Nicolas Perrot d'Ablancourt

To Monsieur Conrart Dedication of French Translation of Lucian(1654)

Adjusting Things to Accommodate the Subject From Preface to French Translation of Thucydides(1662)

Abraham Cowley

Preface to Pindarique Odes(1656)

Pierre Daniel Huet

Concerning the Best Kind of Translation From De optimo genere interpretandi(1661)

Katherine Philips

Translating Pompey From Letters from Orinda to Poliarchus(1705)

John Dryden

The Three Types of Translation From'Preface'to Ovid's Epistles(1680)

Steering Betwixt Two Extremes From'Dedication of the Aeneis'(1697)

Wentworth Dillon,Earl of Roscommon

An Essay on Translated Verse(1684)

Aphra Behn

Translating French into English From'An Essay on Translated Prose'(1688)

Recasting,Not Translating From Fontenelle's'Preface to the History of Oracles'(1688)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Enriching the German Language From Unvorgreifliche Gedanken,betreffend die Ausübung und Verbesserung der deutschen Sprache(1697)

Anne Dacier

My Condemnation From Preface to Translation of L'Iliade d'Homère(1699)

Joseph Addison

National Accents Spectator no.29(1711)

Alexander Pope

The Chief Characteristic of Translation From Preface to the Iliad(1715)

Charles Batteux

Principles of Translation From Principes de littérature(1747-48)

Elizabeth Carter

Translating Epictetus From Her Correspondence with Catherine Talbot and Thomas Secker(1749-57)

Samuel Johnson

The Art of Translation The Idler 68/69 (1759）

Translating Homer From'Life of Pope'(1779-81)

Johann Gottfried Herder

The Ideal Translator as Morning Star From Uber die neuere Deutschen Litteratur:Fragmente,(1766-67)

Language as Maiden From Uber die neuere Deutschen Litteratur:Fragmente,rev.ed.(1768)

Alexander Frazer Tytler

The Proper Task of a Translator From Essay on the Principles of Translation(1791)

Novalis(Friedrich Leopold,Baron von Hardenberg)

Translating Out of Poetic Morality From a Letter to A.W.Schlegel(1797)

Grammatical,Transformative,and Mythic Translations From Blütenstaub (1798)

August Wilhelm yon Schlegel

Noble RustFrom Dante-？ber die G？ttliche Kom？die(1791)

At Once Faithful and Poetic From'Etwas über Wilhelm Shakespeare bei Gelegenheit Wilhelm Meisters'(1796)

Poetic Translation an Imperfect Approximation From'Homers Werke von Johann Heinrich Voss'(1796)

Projecting Oneself into Foreign Mentalities From Geschichte der klassischen Literatur(1802)

The Speaking Voice of the Civilized World From Geschichte der romantischen Literatur(1803)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Prose Translations From Dichtung und Wahrheit(1811-14)

The Two Maxims From Rede zum Andenken des edlen Dichters,Bruders und　Freundes Wieland(1813)

Translations From West-？stlicher Divan(1819)

The Translator as Matchmaker From Maximen und Reflexionen(1826)

On Carlyle's German Romance(1828)

Friedrich Schleiermacher

On the Different Methods of Translating(1813)

Wilhelm von Humboldt

The More Faithful,The More Divergent From the Introduction to His Translation of Aeschylus'Agamemnon(1816)

Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker,baronne de Staёl-Holstein

On the Spirit of Translations(1816)

Percy Bysshe Shelley

The Violet and the Crucible From A Defence of Poetry(1821)

Arthur Schopenhauer

On Language and Words From Parerga und Paralipomena(1851)

Edward Fitz Gerald

Letter to E.B.Cowell(1859)

Letter to J.R.Lowell(1878)

Matthew Arnold

The Translator's Tribunal From On Translating Homer(1861)

Francis W.Newman

The Unlearned Public is the Rightful Judge of Taste From Homeric Translation in Theory and Practice(1861)

Richard F.Burton

Clothing the Skeleton From Preface to Translation of Vikram and the Vampire(1870)

A Plain and Literal Translation From Introduction to The Book of The Thousand Nights and a Night(1885)

Robert Browning

Literal at Every Cost From Preface to Translation of Aeschylus'Agamemnon(1877)

Friedrich Nietzsche

Translation as Conquest From Diefr？hliche Wissenschaft(1882)

Translating the Tempo of the Original From Jenseits Gutes und B？ses(1886)

Biographies

Further Reading

References

Name Index

Subject Index

Title Index