POLYMER STRUCTURES AND SYNTHESIS METHODS

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Chain Structures in Natural and Synthetic Polymers

The Nature of Polymeric Materials

The Composition of Polymeric Materials

Molecular Weight and Its Distribution

Polymer Chain Configurations

Polymer Chain Conformations

Polymer Solid-State Structure,Morphology,and Transitions

Polymer Surface Structure

1.3 Polymer Synthesis

Chain Reaction Polymerization

Coordination Polymerization

Step Reaction Polymerization

1.4 Summary

POLYMER FABRICATION TECHNIQUES

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Processing Techniques

Foam Processing

Film-Forming Processes

Composites

Extrusion

Molding

Coatings

Other Methods

2.3 Applications

Development of Spray-On Insulation for the Thermal Protection System of the External Tank in the Space Shuttle Program

Development of Thick,Thin,and Ultrathin Polyimide Films

Langmuir-Blodgett(L-B)Films

Polymer Composites

Molding Processes

Fiber Drawing and Surface Modification Processes

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POLYMERS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Chemical Composition:Questions to Ask

3.3 Techniques for Determination of Chemical Composition:What to Use to Ask the Questions

3.4 Illustrative Examples of Characterization of Chemical Composition of Polymers

Stoichiometry

Functionality

Phase Separation

Surface Modification

Interfacial Chemical Composition

Impurities

3.5 Summary:New Horizons

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF POLYMER SURFACES,INTERFACES,AND THIN FILMS BY MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES

4.1 Overview of Polymer Interfaces and Thin Films

4.2 Introduction to Microscopy Techniques

4.3 Optical Microscopy

4.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy

Low-Voltage High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

4.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy

4.6 Scanning Probe Microscopy

4.7 New Microscopies

STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF INTERFACES AND THIN FILMS BY SCATTERING TECHNIQUES

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Industrial Applications

Adhesion

Biomedical Applications

Langmuir-Blodgett Films and Other Thin Films

5.3 Integrated Optics Method

Wave-Guiding

Nonlinear Optical Method

5.4 Reflectivity

5.5 Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering

SURFACE THERMODYNAMICS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Theory of Wetting,Spreading,and Adhesion

6.3 Experimental Methods

Contact Angles

Adsorption and Calorimetry

Inverse Gas Chromatography

Infrared(FTIR)Spectroscopy

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Wet-Chemical Modification of Polymer Surfaces

Surface Roughening and Seeding in Placing Operations

Surface Treatment for Bondability

Surface Treatment Using Adhesion Promoters

Surface Modification by Photochemical Methods

7.3 Dry Modification Techniques

Modification by High-and Low-Energy Ion Beams

Plasma Modification of Polymer Surfaces

Other Dry Treatment Techniques

7.4 Summary

ADHESION

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Physical Meaning of Adhesion

8.3 Theoretical Analysis of Adhesion

8.4 Experimental Measurement of Adhesion

8.5 Standardization of Test Procedure

8.6 Locus of Failure

8.7 Key Adhesion Issues

8.8 Illustrative Examples

8.9 Summary

CHEMISTRY,REACTIVITY,AND FRACTURE OF POLYMER INTERFACES

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Polyimide Structure and Properties

9.3 Polymer-Polymer Interfaces

9.4 Metal-Polymer Interfaces

9.5 Polymer-Metal Interfaces

9.6 Thermal Stress and Interfacial Fracture

THE POLYMER-POLYMER INTERFACE

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Techniques for Measuring Diffusion Distances Much Greater Than Molecular Size

10.3 Techniques for Measuring Concentration Profiles on the Order of Molecular Size

10.4 Summary

FRICTION AND WEAR(TRIBOLOGY)

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Basic Concepts

11.3 Tribological Applications

11.4 Mechanisms of Friction and Wear

Friction

Wear

11.5 Correlation of Properties with Friction and Wear

Energy-to-Rupture and Abrasive Wear

Cohesive Energy and Abrasive Wear

Ratio of Applied Stress to Failure Strength and Wear

Molecular Weight and Wear

Crystallinity and Wear

Loss Tangent and Friction

Closure

11.6 Measurement of Friction and Wear

ASTM Laboratory Tests

Designing Laboratory Tests

11.7 Reporting and Interpretation of Measurements

11.8 Summary

REFERENCES FOR FUTURE STUDY

Index