1 A FUTURE FOR PRISON

1.1 Introduction

1.2 General trends with specific solutions

1.3 Focus on penal and prison policy

1.4 A future story

1.5 Based on views of policy makers and experts

1.6 A brief overview

2 PENAL AND PRISON POLICY

2.1 Penal policy as a limited choice

2.2 The emergence of penal populism

2.3 From expansionism to reductionism

2.4 Bifurcation policy

3 THE RESEARCH

3.1 Research questions

3.2 Some concepts to explain

3.3 A note on methodology

4 POLICY TOPICS OF MAJOR CONCERN

4.1 Prison and other measures

4.2 Prison population and overcrowding

4.3 Legal position of prisoners and prison conditions

4.4 Changes in the characteristics of prisoners

4.5 Some concluding remarks

5 EXPERT-BASED PENAL POLICY AND THE INFLUENCE OF POPULISM

5.1 Bifurcated prison policy and the threat of expansionism

5.2 Politicization and penal populism

5.3 Balancing professionalism with populism

6 CONCLUSION

6.1 Bifurcation, shared values and pragmatism: What shapes Belgian prison policies?

6.2 Recommendations

REFERENCES

APPENDIX 1: CHECKLISTS

APPENDIX 2: STANDARD LETTER

APPENDIX 3: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES

APPENDIX 4: SCHEME DATA ANALYSIS