Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Effects of Crowding in General

Crowding Studies with Animals

Correlational Studies with Humans

Experimental Studies with Humans

Field Studies

Chapter 3 Prison Crowding Research

Archival Studies of Overall Prison Crowding

Direct Assessments of Inmates in Different Types of Housing

Effects of Changes in Housing

Summary and Evaluation

Chapter 4 Prison Housing

Early Studies

Research Procedures

Texarkana—Singles, Doubles, and Dorms

El Reno—Singles, Doubles, and Cubicles

Danbury—Singles, Cubicles, and Dorms

Atlanta—Multiple-Occupant Cells

Overall Analyses of Housing Type

Time in Housing

Jail Studies

Summary

Chapter 5 Crowding and Health

Illness

Urine Chemistry Correlates of Stress and Housing

Archival Data on Health and Maladaptive Behavior

Changes in Population

Summary

Chapter 6 Background and Experiential Factors

Background Factors

Criminal History

Length of Confinement

Summary

Tolerance for Prison Crowding

Conclusions

Chapter 7 Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences

Gender Effects

Racial Effects

Ethnic Differences

Summary

Chapter 8 Theoretical Implications

Theoretical Analyses of Crowding

Evidential Support for the Social Interaction-Demand Model

The Special Case of Violence

Divergent Views

Chapter 9 Practical Implications and Future Directions

Major Findings

Practical Implications

Future Directions

Appendix

References

Author Index

Subject Index