PART Ⅰ HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

Chapter Ⅰ. Greek and Roman Legal Theory

1. Early Greek Theory

2. Plato's View of the Law

3. The Aristotelian Theory of Law

4. The Stoic Law of Nature

Chapter Ⅱ. Legal Philosophy in the Middle Ages

5. Early Christian Doctrine

6. The Thomist Philosophy of Law

7. The Medieval Nominalists

Chapter Ⅲ. The Classical Era of Natural Law

8. Introduction

9. Grotius and Pufendorf

10. Hobbes and Spinoza

11. Locke and Montesquieu

12. The Philosophy of Natural Rights in the United States

13. Rousseau and His Influence

14. Practical Achievements of the Classical Law-of-Nature School,

Chapter Ⅳ. German Transcendental Idealism

15. The Legal Philosophy of Kant

16. The Legal Philosophy of Fichte

17. Hegel's Philosophy of Law and the State

Chapter Ⅴ. Historical and Evolutionary Theories of Law

18. Savigny and the Historical School in Germany

19. The Historical School in England and the United States

20. Spencer's Evolutionary Theory of Law

21. The Marxian Doctrine of Law

Chapter Ⅵ. Utilitarianism

22. Bentham and Mill

23. Jhering

Chapter Ⅶ. Analytical Positivism

24. What Is Positivism?

25. John Austin and the Analytical School of Law

26. The Pure Theory of Law

27. Neo-analytic and Linguistic Jurisprudence

Chapter Ⅷ. Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Realism

28. Sociological and Psychological Theories of Law in Europe

29. The Jurisprudence of Interests and the Free-Law Movement

30. Pound's Sociological Jurisprudence

31. Cardozo and Holmes

32. American Legal Realism

33. Scandinavian Legal Realism

Chapter Ⅸ. The Revival of Natural Law and Value-Oriented Jurisprudence 134.

34. Neo-Kantian Natural Law

35. Neo-Scholastic Natural Law

36. Duguit's Legal Philosophy

37. The Policy-Science of Lasswell and McDougal

38. Other Recent Value-Oriented Philosophies of Law

39. Concluding Observations

PART Ⅱ THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE LAW

Chapter Ⅹ. The Need for Order

40. Introduction

41. The Prevalence of Orderly Patterns in Nature

42. Order in Individual and Social Life

43. The Psychological Roots of the Need for Order

44. Anarchy and Despotism

45. The Element of Generality in Law

46. The Striving of the Law for Independence and Autonomy

Chapter Ⅺ. The Quest for Justice

47. The Protean Face of Justice

48. Justice and Rationality

49. The Conceptual Scope of Justice

50. Justice and Natural Law

51. Justice and Freedom

52. Justice and Equality

53. Justice and Security

54. Justice and the Common Good

Chapter Ⅻ. Law as a Synthesis of Order and Justice

55. The Relation between Order and Justice

56. Stability and Change in Law

57. The Imperative and the Societal Elements in Law

58. The Validity of Legal Norms

59. The Sig-nificance of Sanctions

Chapter ⅩⅢ. Law as Distinguished from Other Agencies of Social Control

60. Law and Power

61. Law and Administration

62. Law and Morality

63. Law and Custom, 300.

Chapter ⅩⅣ. The Benefits and Drawbacks of the Rule of Law

64. The Channeling of Creative Human Energies

65. The Promotion of Peace

66. The Adjustment of Conflicting Interests

67. The Drawbacks of the Law

PART Ⅲ THE SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES OF THE LAW

Chapter ⅩⅤ. The Formal Sources of the Law

68. Introduction

69. Legislation

70. Delegated and Autonomic Legislation

71. Treaties and Other Consensual Agreements

72. Precedent

Chapter ⅩⅥ. The Nonformal Sources of the Law

73. Introduction

74. Standards of Justice

75. Reason and the Nature of Things

76. Individual Equity

77. Public Policies, Moral Convictions, and Social Trends

78. Customary Law

Chapter ⅩⅦ. Law and Scientific Method

79. The Formation of Concepts

80. Analytical Reasoning

81. Dialectical Reasoning

82. The Role of Value Judgments in the Law

83. The Aims of Legal Education

Chapter ⅩⅧ. The Techniques of the Judicial Process

84. The Interpretation of Constitutions

85. The Interpretation of Statutes

86. The Doctrine of Stare Decisis

87. The Ratio Decidendi of a Case

88. Discovery and Creation in the Judicial Process

Table of Cases

Index of Names

Index of Subjects