CHAPTER 1: Exposing Coercive Influences in the Criminal Justice System: An Agenda for Legal Psychology in the Twenty-First Century&G. Daniel Lassiter and Jennifer J. Ratcliff

The New (and Hidden) Face of Coercion in Modern Criminal Justice Practices

Psychological Coercion and Its Role in America Jurisprudence: Scholarly Predecessors

Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment: Current State of Knowledge

References

CHAPTER 2: Questions&George R. Klare, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology

Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology Red Cross Interview (Interrogation)

Solitary Confinement

Military Interrogation

Political Interrogation

Answers

References

CHAPTER 3: The Third Degree and the Origins of Psychological Interrogation in the United States&Richard A. Leo

Introduction

The Third Degree

The Third Degree in American History

Turning Away from the Third Degree: The Origins of Modern Interrogation

The Evolution of Modern Police Interrogation: Creating Human Lie Detectors and Psychological Manipulators

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 4: "You're Guilty, So Just Confess!" Cognitive and Behavioral Confirmation Biases in the Interrogation Room&Christian A. Meissrter and Satil M. Kassin

Interview-Based Judgments of Truth and Deception

Behavioral Confirmation in the Interrogation Room

Minimizing Cognitive and Behavioral Confirmation Processes

References

Chapter 5: The Police Interrogation of Children and Adolescents&Allison D. Redlich, Melissa Silverman, Julie Chen, and Hans Steiner

Contemporary Police Interrogation

Police Interrogation of Juveniles

Children's and Adolescents' Abilities in Forensic Interviews

Preliminary Study on Interrogation of Adolescents and Young Adults

Conclusions

References

Chapter 6: Tales From the Juvenile Confession Front: A Guide to How Standard Police Interrogation Tactics Can Produce Coerced and False Confessions from Juvenile Suspects&Steven A. Drizin and Beth A. Colgan

The Law

The Crimes

The Interrogations

The Aftermath

Recommendations

References

CHAPTER 7: Mental Retardation, Competency to Waive Miranda Rights, and False Confessions&Solomon M. Fulero and Caroline Everington

"Voluntary, Knowing, and Intelligent": The Legal Analysis of Waiver of Miranda Rights

Research on Defendants with Mental Retardation's Understanding of the Miranda Warning

Comprehension of Miranda Rights Tests

Review of the Literature

Characteristics of Persons with Mental Retardation That Increase Vulnerability

Research on Interrogative Suggestibility in Persons with Mental Retardation

Susceptibility to False Confessions in Interrogations

Comparisons with Juvenile Populations

Suggestions for Forensic Evaluations

Assessment of Understanding of Miranda

Measures of Intelligence, Linguistic Abilities, and Reading Skills

Using Information on Adaptive Skills

Interview Strategies

Implications for Policy and Practice in the Criminal Justice System

References

CHAPTER 8: Attempts to Improve the Police Interviewing of Suspects&Ray Bull and Becky Milne

The Situation Prior to Compulsory Audiotape Recording

What Audiotape Recording Revealed

A New Ethos and Training Program

Has the New Training Program Achieved Its Objectives?

The Views of the Interviewees

Supervision, Management, and a National Framework

References

CHAPTER 9: Bias and Accuracy in the Evaluation of Confession Evidence&G.Daniel Lassiter and Andreiv L. Geers

Confession Evidence and Its Evaluation

Presentation Format of Confession Evidence: The Growing Emphasis on Videotape

Evidence for a Biasing Effect of Camera Perspective on Evaluations of Videotaped Confessions

Does Videotaping Lead to More Accurate Evaluations of Confession Evidence?

Policy Implications of the Research on Videotaped Confessions

References

CHAPTER 10: The Psychology of Entrapment&Vanessa A. Edkins and Lawrence S. Wrightsman

Two Entrapment Cases with Different Outcomes

The Nature of Entrapment as a Defense

One Problem: Two Definitions of Entrapment

The Objective Definition of Entrapment

The Subjective Definition of Entrapment

A Second Problem: Punishment for Acts or for Dispositions?

Another Problem: Jurors' Reaction to the Entrapment Defense

Research on Entrapment

The Measurement of Attitudes

Determinants of Verdicts

Edkins' First Study

Edkins' Second Study

What Reforms Are Needed?

Just Who Should Be the Subject of a Sting Operation?

Seek to Clarify the Definitions of Entrapment and Jury Instructions

Include a Nullification Instruction to the Jurors

Diminish the Use of the Subjective Definition

References

CHAPTER 11: Expert Psychological Testimony on the Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions&Solomon M. Fulero

Crane v. Kentucky (1986)

The Frye, Rule 702, and Daubert Standards

California v. Page

The Significance of Page for Expert Testimony on Interrogations and Confessions

Recent Case Decisions Involving Expert Testimony on Interrogations and Confessions

Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 12: So What's a Concerned Psychologist to Do? Translating the Research on Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment into Policy&Vanessa A. Edkins and Lawrence S. Wrightsman

Affecting Change though a Consensus-Based "White" Paper

Affecting Change through the Individual Case

Affecting Change through Executive Branch Policy

Affecting Change through Education

Conclusion

References

Index