Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Foundations of the Legal System

A) United States

B) Japan

1) Pre-Meiji Japan

2) Meiji Japan's Adoption of Western Legal Models

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) 'Restoration'?

2) A Western Legal System?

Chapter 3 Constitutional Ideology

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Executive and Legislative Power

2) Limits on National Government Powers - Local Government Powers

3) Limitations on Private Actions Deemed in Violation of the Constitution

4) Hortatory Rights - Public Welfare Restraints

Chapter 4 Separation of Church and State

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Tsu City Case:

2) Ehime Prefecture Case

3) Miscellaneous Cases

4) Enshrinement Case

Chapter 5 Equality and Issues of Discrimination and Family

A) Racial and Ethnic Discrimination

1) United States

2) Japan

3) What You See May Not Be What You Get

a) Non-Japanese Citizens

b) Burakumin

c) Ainu

B) Sex Discrimination and the Family

1) United States

2) Japan

3) What You See May Not Be What You Get

a) Family Law Issues

b) Sex Discrimination

Chapter 6 The Judiciary

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Judicial 'Independence'

2) Judicial Review

a) Pharmacy Location Case from Hiroshima

b) Patricide Case

c) The Forest Division Case

d) The Voting Rights Apportionment Cases

e) The Post Office Liability Case

f) The Overseas Voting Case

g) The Effect of a Finding of Unconstitutionality

h) Judicial Review - Restrictions

Chapter 7 The Legal Profession

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

Chapter 8 Article 9 - Renunciation of War - Military Power and Responsibility

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Article 9 - Interpretation

2) Article 9 - Litigation

a) The Sunakawa case

b) The Naganuma case

c) The Hyakuri Air Base case

d) The Okinawa Mandamus Case

e) Recent Lower Court Cases

3) Political Challenges

4) Article 9 - Terrorism

5) Command and Control

6) Constitutional Transformation and Constitutional Amendment

Chapter 9 Treaties

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

Chapter 10 Corporate Matters

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

Chapter 11 Contracts

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Contracts Take Account of Changing Circumstances

2) Contracts Dealing with Continuing Relationships May Have Special 'Good Faith' Obligations Attached

3) Consumer Contracts

4) Means of Enforcement Are Different

Chapter 12 Civil Litigation

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Access to the Judicial System

2) Civil Procedure

a) United States

b) Japan

c) Remedy

d) Role of the Public

e) Alternative Dispute Resolution and Other Extra-Judicial Remedies

f) Judicial Reform

Chapter 13 Criminal Law

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) General Comment

2) Procedural Fairness vs. Substantive Justice

3) Objectives of the System - Punishment vs. Rehabilitation

4) Respect vs. Mistrust of Officialdom -

a) United States

b) Japan

Ⅰ) Substantive Criminal Law

Ⅱ) Procedural Law

Ⅲ) Police

Ⅳ) Prosecutor

Investigation Function

Quasi-Judicial Function

Ⅴ) Defense Counsel

Ⅵ) Judge and Trial

Ⅶ) Defendant

c) Constitutional Guarantees and Protections Afforded the Criminal Suspect and Accused

Confession

Right to Counsel

'No Person Shall Be Compelled to Testify against Himself

Immunity from Prosecution

Bail

Speedy Trial

Double Jeopardy Prohibited

d) Reform Proposals and Action Taken on Proposals

Chapter 14 Administrative Law

A) United States

B) Japan

C) What You See May Not Be What You Get

1) Kokoku Suits to Review Administrative Action

a) Standing

b) Disposition or Shobun

c) Judicial Restraint - Substitutes for Administrative Review

d) Judicial Reform

2) Administrative Guidance

3) Administrative Procedure

4) Other Administrative Matters

Chapter 15 Unifying Factors

A) Harmony and a Balancing of Societal Interests vs. Individual Rights

B) The Common Sense of Society vs. Strict Interpretation - the Consensus of the Community

C) Group vs. Personal Interests

D) Substantive Justice

Chapter 16 Conclusion

Index

Table of Japanese Cases

Table of United States Cases