PART 1.INTERNATIONAL OIL TRADE AND SHIPPING

Chapter 1 Environmental Regulation of Oil Trade and Shipping

A.Introduction

B.The Basis of International Regulation

C.International Law And Oil Pollution From Ships

1.OILPOL

2.MARPOL 73/78

3.LOSC

D.Assessment

E.Conclusion

Chapter 2 Implementation,Compliance and Enforcement

A.Introduction

B.Compliance and Enforcement:Conceptual Issues

C.Traditional Approaches to Compliance and Enforcement

1.Flag State Jurisdiction

a.Application of Flag State Jurisdiction

b.Problems With Flag State Jurisdiction

c.Nationality of Ships,Registration of Ships,and Flags of Convenience

i.Nationality of Ships

ii.Registration of Ships

iii.Flags of Convenience Practice

Ⅰ.Preliminary Matters

Ⅱ.Reasons for the Open Registry Practice

Ⅲ.Flags of Convenience and Environmental Issues

Ⅳ.Control of Open Registries

iv.Observations

2.Coastal State Jurisdiction

3.Port State Jurisdiction

a.International Legal Provisions on Port State Jurisdiction

b.Regional Port State Control Efforts

c.Assessments

D.Alternative Approach to Compliance and Enforcement

1.The Role of Oil and Shipping Companies

2.Changes in Multinational Corporate Behavior

3.Conclusion

Chapter 3 International Economic Cooperation

A.Introduction

B.International Relations

1.Realism

2.Regime Theory

C.Economic Issues

1.International Economic Cooperation

2.Fundraising and Management

a.User Fees

b.Funds Management

D.Conclusion

PART 2.OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION

Chapter 4 Corporate Abuses and Regulation

A.Introduction

B.The Concept of Codes of Conduct

C.Content of Codes of Conduct

1.Internal Codes

2.External Codes

3.Government Initiatives

4.Inter-Governmental Codes

D.Critical Appraisal of Corporate Codes

1.Utility of Codes

2.Limits of Codes

E.Beyond Voluntary Codes of Conduct

1.Domestic Judicial Remedies

2.International Regulation

F.Conclusion

Chapter 5 United Nations and Corporate Control

A.Introduction

B.Recent International Trends on Corporate Control

1.UN Global Compact

2.UN Sub-Commission on Human Rights

C.National Courts and International Corporate Control

1.Home Country Litigation

2.Litigation Under the Alien Tort Claims Act

a.The Problem:Corporate Practices and Absence of Accountability

b.The Alien Tort Claims Act

3.Attraction,Implications and Limitations of International Civil Litigation

a.Attraction

i.Nigerian Law

Ⅰ.Petroleum Law

Ⅱ.Maritime Law

Ⅱ.Environmental Law

ii.American Legal System

b.Implications

c.Limitations

D.Conclusion

Chapter 6 International Legal Personality of the Multinational Corporation

A.Introduction

B.International Legal Personality

1.Theories of Legal Personality

2.Corporations and International Legal Personality

C.Need For an Enhanced Legal Status for MNCs

D.Proposals for Reform

E.Conclusion

Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations

Bibliography

Table of Cases

Table of Treaties ＆ International Instruments

Table of Domestic Statutes ＆ Instruments

Index