Chapter 1.The Policies Underlying International Economic Relations

1.1 Interdependence, Globalization, and the Changing Fundamen-tals of the Bretton Woods System

1.2 Overview, Purpose and Structure of the Book: Regulatory Approach

1.3 Growth and Importance of International Trade

1.4 Challenges and Policy Tensions of Changing Fundamentals of International Law and Economic Relations

Chapter 2.An Introduction to the Economics of Interna-tional Trade

2.1 Comparative Advantage and Gains From Trade

2.2 Interference With Free Trade

2.3 The Political Economy of Trade Policy

2.4 Foreign Policy Goals and International Trade Policy

Chapter 3.The United States Constitution and Regulation of International Economic Affairs

3.1 Introduction to Chapters 3 and 4

3.2 The United States Constitution and International Economic Relations

3.3 Trade Legislation in the United States: President and Con-gress Accommodate

3.4 International Agreements and U.S.Law

3.5 The Courts and Foreign Relations

3.6 Federal.State Relations and International Economic Regula-tion

Chapter 4.International Economic Regulation in the European Union

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Introduction to the European Union

4.3 The Force of EU Law in the Member States

4.4 The Union's Power in External Commercial Relations

4.5 The Future Economic and Political Integration of Europe

Chapter 5.International Law and International Economic Relations

5.1 Introduction: What Is international Law and Why Do Nations Utilize It?

5.2 Certain Fundamentals of International Law

5.3 International Economic Law

5.4 The Bretton Woods System and World Economic Relations

Chapter 6.The Legal Structure of the WTO/GATT System

6.1 Introduction: The New World Trading System

6.2 GATT and Its Troubled History

6.3 The World Trade Organization

6.4 Decision.Making in GATT and the WTO

6.5 Trade Negotiating Rounds

6.6 Accession and Membership

6.7 Effect of the WTO/GATT Agreements on Domestic Law

Chapter 7.Dispute Settlement

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Dispute Settlement in the GATT System

7.3 The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding

7.4 Critical Issues in WTO Dispute Settlement

7.5 Implementation and Retaliation Procedures and Remedies

Chapter 8.Border Measures Ⅰ: Tariffs and Customs Rules

8.1 Introduction

8.2 GATT Tariff Commitments: The Bindings

8.3 Customs Law

Chapter 9.Border Measures Ⅱ: Quotas, Non-Tariff Barri-ers and Transparency

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Article XI

9.3 Exceptions to Article Ⅵ

9.4 State Trading

9.5 Transparency and Proper Administration

Chapter 10.Nondiscrimination and the Most-Favored-Na-tion Clause

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The Most Favored Nation Obligation in GATT

10.3 The Most Favored Nation Obligation in United States Law

Chapter 11.Free Trade Areas and Customs Unions

11.1 Introduction

11.2 The Article ⅩⅩⅣ Exception

11.3 Overlapping Obligations in WTO and PTA Law

11.4 U.S.Participation in Regional Arrangements

Chapter 12.The National Treatment Clause

12.1 Introduction

12.2 The National Treatment Obligation: The Basic Rule

12.3 Discriminatory Taxes: Article Ⅲ:2

12.4 Discriminatory Regulations: Article Ⅲ:4

12.5 Government Purchases

Chapter 13.Article ⅩⅩ: The General Exceptions

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Article ⅩⅩ（B）—Health Measures

13.3 Article ⅩⅩ（D）—Enforcement Measures

13.4 Article ⅩⅩ（G）—Conservation Measures

13.5 The Chapeau to Article ⅩⅩ

13.6 Should Article ⅩⅩ Be Expanded to Cover Environmental Measures Generally?

Chapter 14.Technical Barriers to Trade: The SPS and TBT Agreements

14.1 Introduction

14.2 The SPS Agreement

14.3 The TBT Agreement

Chapter 15.Safeguard Measures （the “Escape Clause”） and Adjustment Policies

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Rules and Procedures for Safeguards Cases

15.3 Critical Issues in Safeguards Cases

15.4 Adjustment Assistance

Chapter 16.The Regulation of Dumping

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Antidumping Laws: The Underlying Policy Issues

16.3 United States Antidumping Law

16.4 The WTO Rules on Dumping

Chapter 17.Injury Analysis in Antidumping and Counter-vailing Duty Cases

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Industry Definition

17.3 Material Injury or Threat by Reason of Unfairly Traded Imports

Chapter 18.Subsidies and Countervailing Duties

18.1 Introduction

18.2 WTO Rules

18.3 United States Countervailing Duty Law

Chapter 19.International Trade in Services

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Structure and Documents of the GATS System for Services

19.3 Overview of WTO Case Law on Services

19.4 U.S.Gambling

Chapter 20.Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

20.1 Introduction

20.2 TRIPS and WTO Developments

20.3 Infringing Imports

Chapter 21.Linkages Between International Trade Policy and Human Rights, Labor Standards and National Security

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Human Rights and International Trade Policy: Tension of Conflicting Goals

21.3 Labor Standards and International Trade Policy

21.4 Trade Controls for National Security and Political Purposes

Chapter 22.Monetary Affairs and Trade Policy

22.1 Introduction

22.2 The Trade/Exchange Rate Relationship Under International Law

22.3 Trade Measures for Balance of Payments Reasons

Chapter 23.Trade and Investment

23.1 Introduction

23.2 WTO and TRIMs

23.3 Investor Rights Under NAFTA

Chapter 24.Developing Countries and the WTO System

24.1 Introduction

24.2 The Evolution of WTO/GATT Rules for Developing Countries

24.3 The Generalized System of Preferences （GSP）

24.4 The New International Economic Order and the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States

Chapter 25.Perspectives and Conclusions: A Challenging Future

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Legal Rules or Government Discretion? Which Is Best?

25.3 The WTO's “Constitution” and Its Weaknesses

25.4 Reflections on the Future of the Trading System

INDEX