Chapter 12 Ⅴ.MAIN RULES

A.General Overview

B.Oil Pollution

1.Introduction

2.Prohibition of Discharges

a.Control of Discharge of Oil Generally

b.Prevention of Oil Pollution from Ships while operating in Special Areas

3.Reception Facilities

a.General Remarks

b.Earlier Formulae

c.The 1973 Formula(History and Overview)

d.Reception Facilities outside Special Areas

e.Reception Faculties within Special Areas

4.Operational Methods for Controlling Oil Pollution

a.General Remarks

b.Retention of Oil on Board

c.Segregation of Oil and Water Ballast

i.Segregation of Fuel Oil and Water Ballast

ii.Segregation of Oil Cargo and Water Ballast

d.In-Port Disposal to Shore Reception Facilities

e.Operational Methods Connected with Special Equipment

5.Equipment for Controlling Oil Pollution

a.General Remarks

b.Equipment Connected to Retention of Oil on Board

c.Equipment Connected to Normal Operations of the Ship

d.Equipment Connected to Design and Construction Standards

6.Design and Construction Standards

a.General Remarks

b.Special Tank Arrangements

i.Slop Tanks

ii.Tanks for Oil Residues(Sludge)

iii.Segregated Ballast Tanks

c.Design and Construction Requirements for Minimizing Pollution from Accidents

i."Limitation of Size and Arrangement of Cargo Tanks" and "Subdivision and Stability"

ii.Double Skin or Double Bottom

C.Pollution by Substances Other than Oil

1.Introduction

2.Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

a.General Remarks

b.Control of Discharges

c.Reception Facilities

d.Design and Construction Standards

i.Tank Arrangements

ii.Requirements for Minimizing Accidental Pollution

3.Pollution by Harmful Substances carried by Sea in Packaged Forms,or in Freight Containers,Portable Tanks or Road and Rail Tank Wagons

a.General Remarks

b.Measures of Control

i.Packaging

ii.Marking and Labelling

iii.Documentation

iv.Stowage

v.Quantity Limitations

vi.Notification

4.Pollution by Sewage from Ships

a.General Remarks

b.Equipment

c.Discharge of Sewage

d.Reception Facilities

5.Pollution by Garbage from Ships

a.General Remarks

b.Control of Discharges

i.Outside Special Areas

ii.Within Special Areas

c.Reception Facilities

d.Equipment

D.Exceptions

1.Introduction

2."Safety of a Ship or Saving Life at Sea" Exception

3.Damage Exception

4."Pollution Fighting" Exception

Chapter 13 Ⅵ.ENFORCEMENT

A.Introduction

B.Means of Enforcement

1.General Remarks

2.Establishment of Penalties

3.Reporting

4.Inspection

a.Surveys

b.Inspection for Detection of Violations

c.Supervision

5.Investigation

a.Provisions concerning Investigation

b.Visible Traces

6.Proceedings

7.Prohibition of Entry to and/or Departure from a Port

8.Summary

C.Supporting Measures

1.Introduction

2.Communications

3.Certificates

4.Records

5.Equipment

D.Safeguards

1.General Remarks

2.Not Undue Delay to Ships

3.Compensation for Loss or Damage caused by Undue Delay

4.Acceptability of Certificates

5.Leave to Proceed to the Nearest Appropriate Repair Yard Available

Chapter 14 Ⅶ.JURISDICTIONAL ASPECTS

A.Introduction

B.Jurisdiction of State-Parties to Adopt Rules against Pollution

1.General Remarks

2.The 1954 Formula and the Final Draft

3.Proposals and Comments submitted prior to the Conference

4.Proposals submitted in the Conference

5.The Results of the Negotiations in the Committee

6.Proceedings in the Plenary

a.Balanced Text

b.Vague Text

c.Matter Prejudicial to the Law of the Sea Conference

d.Text not Prejudicial to the Conference on the Law of the Sea

7.The Vote in the Plenary and the Effect of Deletion

a.The Vote

b.The Debate on the Deletion

c.Statements upon the Deletion

d.Conclusion

C.Jurisdiction to Enforce the Convention

1.General Remarks

2.Enforcement by the Administration

3.Port State Enforcement

a.An Overview

b.Port State Inspection for Design or Equipment

c.Port State Inspection for Discharge Violations and Reporting

d.Refusal of Sailing from or of Entry to Ports

e.Port State Proceedings

4.Coastal State Enforcement

Chapter 15 Ⅷ.PROCEDURAL MATTERS AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

A.Introduction

B.Settlement of Disputes

1.General Remarks

2.Preparatory Work

3.Sedes Materiae

4.Disputes Subject to Arbitration

a.Conditions Precedent

b.Disputes concerning the Interpretation or Application

c.The Function of the Tribunal

d.Counter-Claims and Related Disputes

5.Parties to Arbitration

a.Types of Parties

b.Main Parties

c.Arbitration with more than two Parties

d.Joining or Intervening Parties

6.Composition of the Tribunal

7.Arbitration Procedure

a.Initiation of Procedure

b.Rules of Procedure

c.Preliminary Objections

d.Amendments to the Claim

e.Evidence Generally

f.Burden of Proof

g.Object of Evidence

h.Means of Evidence

i.Default of Appearance

j.The Principle of Equality

8.The Decision

a.Majority Required

b.Time

c.Form

d.Effects

e.Enforcement

f.Appeal

C.Amendment Procedure

1.General Remarks

2.Preparatory Work in the Legal Committee

3.Basic Issues

a.Stages of the Amendment Procedure

b.Standard Amendment Procedures

c.Separation of Provisions

d.Preparation of Amendments

e.Adoption of Amendments

f.Acceptance of Amendments

i.Express Acceptance

ii."Tacit Acceptance"

g.Various Points connected with "Tacit Acceptance"

h.Entry into Force of Amendments

i.Entry into Force by Decision of an International Body

j.Position of Objecting Parties

k.Temporary Reservations

4.The Negotiations in the Conference

5.The Amendment Procedure in the Convention

a.General Review of the System

b.Consideration and Adoption of the Amendments

i.Consideration in the Organization

ii.Adoption by a Conference

c.Acceptance

d.Entry into Force

D.Other Procedural Matters

1.Signature,Ratification,Acceptance,Approval,Accession

2.Entry into Force

3.Denunciation

4.Optional Annexes

5.Languages

6.Reservations

E.Institutional Arrangements

1.General Remarks

2.The Organization

3.Technical Cooperation

PART FOUR THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA

Chapter 16 Ⅰ.THE CONFERENCE

1.Introduction

2.The Decision to Convene the Conference

3.Preparation

4.First Session(December 3-15,1973)

5.Second Session(Caracas Session)

6.Informal Groups in the Conference

7.Intersessional Work on Marine Pollution-the Evensen Group

8.Third Session(Geneva Session)

9.Intersessional Work on Marine Pollution

10.Fourth Session(New York Session,Spring 1976)

11.Fifth Session(New York,August-September 1976)

12.Sixth Session(New York,May-July 1977)

13.Seventh Session(Geneva - New York 1978)

14.Eighth Session(Geneva - New York 1979)

15.Prospects

Chapter 17 Ⅱ.THE EMERGING REGIME OF MARINE POLLUTION

A.Introductory Remarks

B.General Provisions

1.Definition

2.The Basic Obligation

3.Natural Resources and the Environment

4.Control of All Forms of Pollution

5.No Transfer or Transformation of Pollution

C.Rule-Making

1.The Objectives of the Provisions

2.The Concept of International Rules

3.Land-Based Sources

4.Pollution from the National Seabed

5.Pollution from the International Seabed

6.Dumping

7.Pollution from Vessels

8.Special Areas and Ice-Covered Areas

9.Pollution from or through the Atmosphere

D.Enforcement and Safeguards

1.The Concept of Enforcement

2.Land-Based Pollution

3.Seabed Pollution

4.Dumping

5.Pollution from Vessels(General Remarks)

6.Flag State Enforcement

7.Port State Enforcement

8.Coastal State Enforcement

9.Pollution from or through the Atmosphere

10.Safeguards

E.Other Provisions of the Text

F.Marine Pollution and Innocent Passage

G.Settlement of Disputes on Pollution

Bibliography

Appendix Ⅰ:Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft(Oslo 1972)

Appendix Ⅱ:Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter(London 1972)

Appendix Ⅲ:Amendments to the London Convention on Dumping adopted at the Third Consultative Meeting of the Contracting Parties(October 9-13,1978)

A.Incineration at Sea

B.Settlement of Disputes A

Appendix Ⅳ:International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,1973

Appendix Ⅴ:Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,1973

Appendix Ⅵ:Revised Single Negotiating Text - UN doc A/CONF.62/WP.8/Rev.l(Part Ⅲ)

Appendix Ⅶ:Informal Composite Negotiating Text - UN doc.A/CONF.62/WP.10

Subject Index