Chapter 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering

Introduction

1-1 What is Materials Science and Engineering？

1-2 Classification of Materials

1-3 Functional Classification of Materials

1-4 Classification of Materials Based on Structure

1-5 Environmental and Other Effects

1-6 Materials Design and Selection

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 2 Atomic Structure

Introduction

2-1 The Structure of Materials：Technological Relevance

2-2 The Structure of the Atom

2-3 The Electronic Structure of the Atom

2-4 The Periodic Table

2-5 Atomic Bonding

2-6 Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements

Introduction

3-1 Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order

3-2 Amorphous Materials：Principles and Technological Applications

3-3 Lattice，Unit Cells，Basis，and Crystal Structures

3-4 Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations

3-5 Points，Directions，and Planes in the Unit Cell

3-6 Interstitial Sites

3-7 Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials

3-8 Covalent Structures

3-9 Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 4 Imperfections in the Atomic and Ionic Arrangements

Introduction

4-1 Point Defects

4-2 Other Point Defects

4-3 Dislocations

4-4 Significance of Dislocations

4-5 Schmid’s Law

4-6 Influence of Crystal Structure

4-7 Surface Defects

4-8 Importance of Defects

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 5 Atom and Ion Movements in Materials

Introduction

5-1 Applications of Diffusion

5-2 Stability of Atoms and Ions

5-3 Mechanisms for Diffusion

5-4 Activation Energy for Diffusion

5-5 Rate of Diffusion （Fick’s First Law）

5-6 Factors Affecting Diffusion

5-7 Permeability of Polymers

5-8 Composition Profile （Fick’s Second Law）

5-9 Diffusion and Materials Processing

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties：Fundamentals and Tensile，Hardness，and Impact Testing

Introduction

6-1 Technological Significance

6-2 Terminology for Mechanical Properties

6-3 The Tensile Test：Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram

6-4 Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test

6-5 True Stress and True Strain

6-6 The Bend Test for Brittle Materials

6-7 Hardness of Materials

6-8 Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior

6-9 Properties Obtained from the Impact Test

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 7 Fracture Mechanics，Fatigue，and Creep Behavior

Introduction

7-1 Fracture Mechanics

7-2 The Importance of Fracture Mechanics

7-3 Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials

7-4 Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics，Glasses，and Composites

7-5 Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis

7-6 Fatigue

7-7 Results of the Fatigue Test

7-8 Application of Fatigue Testing

7-9 Creep，Stress Rupture，and Stress Corrosion

7-10 Evaluation of Creep Behavior

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing

Introduction

8-1 Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve

8-2 Strain-Hardening Mechanisms

8-3 Properties versus Percent Cold Work

8-4 Microstructure，Texture Strengthening，and Residual Stresses

8-5 Characteristics of Cold Working

8-6 The Three Stages of Annealing

8-7 Control of Annealing

8-8 Annealing and Materials Processing

8-9 Hot Working

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 9 Principles and Applications of Solidification

Introduction

9-1 Technological Significance

9-2 Nucleation

9-3 Growth Mechanisms

9-4 Cooling Curves

9-5 Cast Structure

9-6 Solidification Defects

9-7 Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components

9-8 Continuous Casting，Ingot Casting，and Single Crystal Growth

9-9 Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses

9-10 Joining of Metallic Materials

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 10 Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium

Introduction

10-1 Phases and the Phase Diagram

10-2 Solubility and Solid Solutions

10-3 Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility

10-4 Solid-Solution Strengthening

10-5 Isomorphous Phase Diagrams

10-6 Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram

10-7 Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 11 Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagrams

Introduction

11-1 Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening

11-2 Intermetallic Compounds

11-3 Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions

11-4 The Eutectic Phase Diagram

11-5 Strength of Eutectic Alloys

11-6 Eutectics and Materials Processing

11-7 Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 12 Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations andHeat Treatment

Introduction

12-1 Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions

12-2 Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit

12-3 Age or Precipitation Hardening

12-4 Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys

12-5 Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening

12-6 Effects of Aging Temperature and Time

12-7 Requirements for Age Hardening

12-8 Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures

12-9 The Eutectoid Reaction

12-10 Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction

12-11 The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 13 Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons

Introduction

13-1 Designations and Classification of Steels

13-2 Simple Heat Treatments

13-3 Isothermal Heat Treatments

13-4 Quench and Temper Heat Treatments

13-5 Effect of Alloying Elements

13-6 Application of Hardenability

13-7 Specialty Steels

13-8 Surface Treatments

13-9 Weldability of Steel

13-10 Stainless Steels

13-11 Cast Irons

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 14 Nonferrous Alloys

Introduction

14-1 Aluminum Alloys

14-2 Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys

14-3 Copper Alloys

14-4 Nickel and Cobalt Alloys

14-5 Titanium Alloys

14-6 Refractory and Precious Metals

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 15 Ceramic Materials

Introduction

15-1 Applications of Ceramics

15-2 Properties of Ceramics

15-3 Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders

15-4 Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics

15-5 Inorganic Glasses

15-6 Glass-Ceramics

15-7 Processing and Applications of Clay Products

15-8 Refractories

15-9 Other Ceramic Materials

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 16 Polymers

Introduction

16-1 Classification of Polymers

16-2 Addition and Condensation Polymerization

16-3 Degree of Polymerization

16-4 Typical Thermoplastics

16-5 Structure-Property Relationships in Thermoplastics

16-6 Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics

16-7 Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics

16-8 Elastomers （Rubbers）

16-9 Thermosetting Polymers

16-10 Adhesives

16-11 Polymer Processing and Recycling

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Chapter 17 Composites：Teamwork and Synergy in Materials

Introduction

17-1 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites

17-2 Particulate Composites

17-3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites

17-4 Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

17-5 Manufacturing Fibers and Composites

17-6 Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications

17-7 Laminar Composite Materials

17-8 Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites

17-9 Sandwich Structures

SUMMARY

GLOSSARY

PROBLEMS

Appendix A：Selected Physical Properties of Metals

Appendix B：The Atomic and Ionic Radii of Selected Elements

Answers to Selected Problems

Index