Part One　How to Write Descriptive Paragraphs1．About an Object

2．About a Person

3．About a Place

Part Two　Elements of Writing Essays

1．Emotion

2．Timeliness

3．Thesis Statement

3.1　What Is a Thesis Statement?

3.2　Why Should Your Essay Contain a Thesis Statement?

3.3　How Can You Write Good Thesis Statement?

3.4　How to Tell a Strong Thesis Sentence from a Weak One

Part Three　Comparison and Contrast Writing1．Elements of Comparison and Contrast

1.1　Frame of Reference

1.2　Grounds for Comparison

1.3　Thesis

1.4　Organizational Scheme

1.5　Linking of A and B

2．Keeping Balance

3．Drawing an Analogy

Part Four　How To Write Argument

1．Appreciation Your Opposition

2．Argumentative Essays Exist Everywhere

3．The Context Argument

4．My Proposition

5．Expanding Arguments

6．Tradition and Innovation for Writing

7．Three Argumentative Appeals

7.1　Reason

7.2　Ethics

7.3　Emotion

8．Consensus Argument

Part Five　Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

1．Deductive Reasoning

1.1　Categorical Argument

1.2　The Conditional Argument

2．Inductive Reasoning

2.1　Steps in Inductive Reasoning

2.2　Guidelines for Inductive Reasoning

2.3　Generalizing from Data

2.4　Elements of Induction

Part Six　How to Write Research Paper

1．The Nature of Research

2．Collecting Information

2.1　Resources of the Library

2.2　Surfing the Net

2.3　Primary and Secondary Sources

2.4　Covering All Standard Sources

3．Techniques for Preparing Paper

3.1　Following a Curiosity Trail

3.2　Note-taking

3.3　Deciding and Limiting an Appropriate Topic

4．If the Topic Is Researchable

5．The distinctive feature of the research paper assignment

Part Seven　How to Format Documenting Sources1．Using explanatory notes

2．In-text citations

3．A sample list

Part Eight　How to Write Logical Argument1．Persuasion and argument

2．Induction

3．Deduction

4．Arguing from authority,testimony

5．Building a good argument

6　Avoiding fallacies

Part Nine　How to Write an Abstract

1．What Is an Abstract?

2．Guidelines for Writing an Abstract

3．Structure of an Abstract

4．The Style of an Abstract

5．Key Words

Part Ten　How to Use Quotation and documenting1．Locating the Sources

2．Introducing a Quotation

3．When to Use Quotation Marks;When to Document

4．Format and Punctuation for Quotations

4.1　Formatting Quotations

4.2　Punctuating with Quotation Marks

Part Eleven　How to Complete the Final Paper1．Doing Research

1.1　Daily Grind

1.2　Motivation for Your Paper

1.3　Coming to Your Thesis

1.4　Getting Feedback

1.5　Getting Financial Support

2．Becoming Part of the Research Community

2.1　Attending Conferences

2.2　Publishing Papers

Part Twelve　Writing About Literature

1．The Elements of Literature

1.1　Plot

1.2　Narrator and point of view

1.3　Characterization

1.4　Setting

1.5　Symbols

1.6　Language and style

1.7　Theme

1.8　Some literary devices and terms

2．Literal Versus Analytical Reading

2.1　Denotation versus connotation

2.2　Paraphrase and summary versus analysis

2.3　Context and analysis

2.4　Symbolism and analysis

2.5　Imagery and analysis

2.6　Structure and totality of a work

3．Writing a Literary Interpretation

3.1　Theme idea

3.2　Examples of defining theme idea

3.3　Solidity of content

3.4　Poor mixture of summary and analysis

3.5　The scissors and paste approach

3.6　Identification of a pattern in a text

3.7　Five basic steps

3.8　A practical demonstration

4．Student Practice Papers

Part Thirteen　Punctuation and Mechanics

1．Comma[,]

2．Colon[:]and Semicolon[;]

3．Period[.],Question Mark[?],and Exclamation Point[!]

4．Quotation Marks[" "]

5．Dash,Parentheses,and Brackets

6．Parentheses( )

7．Brackets[ ]

8．Slash,Hyphen,Apostrophe,and Ellipsis

9．Hyphen[-]

10．Apostrophe[']

11．Ellipsis[...]

12．To indicate pause or hesitation

13．Capital Letters

14．Official and Personal Titles

15．Titles and Subtitles of Works

16．Words denoting family relationships

17．Words denoting seasons are not capitalized

18．Italics and Underlines

19．Abbreviations and Acronyms

20．Latin Abbreviations

21．Abbreviations for Place Names

22．Other Abbreviations

23．Numbers