Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Environment and Environmental Problems

1.2 Environment Monitoring，Purpose and Categories of Monitoring

1.2.1 Concept for environment monitoring

1.2.2 Purpose of environment monitoring

1.2.3 Categories of environment monitoring

1.3 Environment Monitoring Technology

1.3.1 Development of environment monitoring

1.3.2 Environment monitoring technology

1.3.3 Procedure for environment monitoring

1.4 Environment Standards

1.4.1 Definition of environment standards

1.4.2 Components of China environment standard system

Questions

Chapter 2 Water Quality Monitoring

2.1 Overview

2.1.1 Water pollution and water quality

2.1.2 Object and objective of water quality monitoring

2.1.3 Water quality monitoring items

2.1.4 Water quality monitoring and analysis methods

2.2 Water Sample Collection and Preservation

2.2.1 Sampling site setting

2.2.2 Water sample collection

2.2.3 Water sample preservation

2.3 Physical Properties of Water

2.3.1 Temperature

2.3.2 Taste and odor

2.3.3 Color

2.3.4 Turbidity

2.3.5 Residues

2.3.6 Conductivity

2.4 Determination of Trace Metals

2.4.1 Mercury

2.4.2 Copper，zinc，lead，cadmium

2.4.3 Calcium and magnesium

2.5 Determination of Synthetical Index

2.5.1 Acidity and alkalinity

2.5.2 pH

2.5.3 DO

2.5.4 Nitrogen compounds

2.5.5 Sulfide

2.5.6 Phosphorus-containing compounds

2.6 Determination of Organic Pollutants

2.6.1 COD

2.6.2 Permanganate index

2.6.3 BOD

2.6.4 TOC

2.6.5 Specific organic pollutants

2.7 Biological Monitoring of Water Pollution

2.7.1 Purpose and items for monitoring.sample collection

2.7.2 Monitoring methods for biocoenosis

2.7.3 Testing methods for biological toxicity

2.7.4 Testing method of bacteriology

Summary

Questions

Common used instruments for water quality monitoring

Chapter 3 Atmospheric Monitoring

3.1 Overview

3.1.1 Atmosphere and its composition

3.1.2 Atmospheric pollution and pollutants

3.1.3 Atmospheric pollutants concentration

3.2 Atmospheric Monitoring Purpose and Scheme

3.2.1 Purpose and methods

3.2.2 Investigation and data collected

3.2.3 Monitoring items

3.3 Atmosphere Samples Collection

3.3.1 Layout of monitoring points

3.3.2 Sampling frequency and sampling time

3.3.3 Sampling method

3.3.4 Sampler

3.4 Gaseous Pollutants Monitoring

3.4.1 SO2

3.4.2 NOx

3.4.3 O3

3.4.4 VOCs and formaldehyde

3.5 Monitoring of Atmospheric Particles

3.5.1 Mass concentration

3.5.2 Determination of chemical components

3.6 Precipitation Monitoring

3.6.1 Layout of sampling points

3.6.2 Sampling

3.6.3 Determination of precipitation components

3.7 Pollution Sources Monitoring

3.7.1 Stationary source monitoring

3.7.2 Mobile source monitoring

3.8 Biological Monitoring of Atmosphere Pollution

3.8.1 Plants monitoring methods

3.8.2 Animal monitoring method

3.8.3 Microorganism monitoring method

Summary

Questions

Common used instruments for atmosphere monitoring

Chapter 4 Solid Wastes Monitoring

4.1 Overview

4.1.1 Definition of solid wastes

4.1.2 Classification for solid wastes

4.1.3 Monitoring contents for solid wastes

4.2 Samples Collection and Preparation for Solid Wastes

4.2.1 Samples collection

4.2.2 Sampling preparations

4.2.3 Samples preservation

4.2.4 Water content and pH of samples determination

4.3 Monitoring of Hazardous Characteristics of Solid Wastes

4.3.1 Identification ofacute toxicity

4.3.2 Testing of corrosivity

4.3.3 Testing of inflammability

4.3.4 Testing of reactivity

4.3.5 Extraction toxicity

4.4 Monitoring of Domestic Wastes

4.4.1 Domestic wastes and classification

4.4.2 Samples collection and preparation for domestic wastes

4.4.3 Analysis on the characteristics of domestic wastes

4.4.4 Monitoring of wastes landfill sites

Summary

Questions

Common used instruments for solid waste monitoring

Chapter 5 Soil Monitoring

5.1 Soil and Soil Contamination

5.1.1 Overview of soil

5.1.2 Characteristics of soil composition

5.1.3 Soil background value

5.1.4 Soil contamination and characteristics

5.2 The Classification and Items for Soil Monitoring

5.2.1 Classification

5.2.2 Monitoring items

5.3 Soil Sample Collection

5.3.1 Stationing

5.3.2 Sampling depth

5.3.3 Sampling time

5.3.4 Sampling quantity

5.3.5 Sample collection for soil background value

5.4 Preparation and Storage of Soil Samples

5.4.1 Preparation of soil samples

5.4.2 Storage of soil samples

5.5 Pretreatment of Soil Samples

5.5.1 Decomposition method

5.5.2 Extraction method

5.6 Testing of Soil Samples

5.7 Biological Monitoring of Soil Contamination

5.7.1 Monitoring method of plants

5.7.2 Monitoring method of animals

5.7.3 Monitoring method of microorganisms

Summary

Questions

Common used instruments for soil monitoring

Chapter 6 Noise Pollution Monitoring

6.1 Noise definition，hazards and sources

6.2 Characteristics of Noise Pollution

6.3 Physical Properties and Measuring of Sound

6.3.1 The sound occurrence，frequency，wavelength and speed

6.3.2 Sound power，sound intensity and sound pressure

6.3.3 Decibel，sound power level，sound intensity level， and sound pressure level

6.3.4 Noise superposition and subtraction

6.4 Noise Subjective Assessment and Evaluation Parameters

6.4.1 Loudness and loudness level

6.4.2 Weighted sound level

6.4.3 Sound level evaluation

6.5 Noise Measuring Instruments

6.6 Noise Monitoring

6.6.1 Environmental standards for noise

6.6.2 Urban environmental noise monitoring

6.6.3 Industrial enterprises noise monitoring

6.6.4 Motor vehicles noise monitoring

6.6.5 Aircraft noise monitoring around airport

Summary

Questions

Common used instruments for noise monitoring

Chapter 7 Environmental Emergency Monitoring

7.1 Basic Concepts

7.1.1 Sudden environmental pollution accidents

7.1.2 Emergency monitoring

7.1.3 Sudden environmental pollution accidents treatment and disposal

7.2 Sudden Environmental Pollution Accidents Types and Characteristics

7.2.1 Types

7.2.2 Characteristics

7.3 Nuclear Accident Emergency Monitoring and Treatment and Disposal

7.3.1 Content of radioactivity monitoring

7.3.2 Instruments of radioactivity monitoring

7.3.3 General radiation incidents

7.3.4 Large radiation accidents

7.3.5 Radiation dose and its units

7.4 Toxic Gas Leak Pollution Accidents Emergency Monitoring Treatment and Disposal

7.4.1 Carbon monoxide leak(poisoning) accident

7.4.2 Hydrogen cyanide spill accident

7.4.3 Ammonia spill accident

7.5 Toxic Chemicals Pollution Accident Emergency Monitoring and Treatment and Disposal

7.5.1 Cadmium poisoning

7.5.2 Hexavalent chromium poisoning

7.5.3 Mercury poisoning

7.5.4 Thallium poisoning

7.5.5 Benzene poisoning

Summary

Questions

Common used instruments for emergency monitoring

Chapter 8 Environmental Monitoring Quality Management

8.1 Significance and Contents of Quality Guarantee

8.2 Data Processing

8.2.1 Error and deviation

8.2.2 Population，sample and mean value

8.2.3 Accuracy and precision

8.2.4 Data processing

8.3 Laboratory Quality Assurance

8.3.1 Basis of laboratory

8.3.2 Environmental reference materials

8.3.3 Quality control of experimental process

8.3.4 Laboratory quality control

8.3.5 Interlaboratory quality control

Summary

Questions

Reference

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Abbreviations and Acronyms