Abstract

Acknowledgements

1 Introduction

1.1 Comparison between the MRI and others

1.2 Overview of the book

2 Nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging

2.1 NMR

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Nuclei and spin.energy levels

2.1.3 Spins in magnetic field

2.1.4 Boltzmann statistics

2.1.5 Rotating frame

2.1.6 Relaxation

2.1.7 Bloch equation

2.1.8 Chemical shift

2.2 MRI

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Gradients

2.2.3 Slice selection

2.2.4 Spatial encoding

2.2.5 k-space

2.2.6 Gradient echo imaging

2.2.7 Spin echo imaging

2.2.8 Echo planar imaging

2.2.9 Turbo spin echo imaging

2.2.10 GRASE

2.2.11 Parallel imaging

2.2.12 Simulation of matrix inversion

2.3 Hardware

2.3.1 Overview

2.3.2 Main magnet

2.3.3 Shim coils

2.3.4 Gradient coils

2.3.5 RF system

Bibliography

3 Functional magnetic resonance imaging

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Cerebral cortex

3.2.1 Somatosensory cortex

3.2.2 Motor cortex

3.2.3 Visual cortex

3.3 BOLD contrast

3.4 fMRI data acquisition

3.5 Paradigm

3.6 Data analysis

3.6.1 Pre-processing

3.6.2 Statistical analysis

3.7 Cortical flattening

3.8 Resting state

3.9 Perfusion imaging

3.10 Conclusion

Bibliography

4 A comparison of resting state functional connectivity using fast imaging:2D GE-EPI,3D GE-EPI and 3D PRESTO

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Brain networks

4.1.2 Default mode network(DMN)

4.1.3 Sensorimotor network

4.1.4 Visual network

4.1.5 Dorsal attention network

4.2 Overview of fast imaging sequences

4.2.1 Echo planar imaging

4.2.2 PRESTO

4.3 Methods

4.3.1 Data acquisition

4.3.2 Data analysis

4.4 Results

4.4.1 No physiological noise correction

4.4.2 Post physiological correction

4.5 Discussion

4.6 Conclusion

Bibliography

5 Implementation and application of multiband echo planar imaging in conjunction with SENSE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Multiband imaging

5.2.1 Introduction

5.2.2 Multiband RF pulses

5.2.3 Optimization

5.2.4 Reconstruction

5.3 Implementation

5.4 Applications

5.4.1 Resting state fMRI

5.4.2 Somatotopic mapping of both primary and secondary somatosensory cortex

5.4.3 Multiband DABS ASL

5.5 Conclusion

Bibliography

6 Orientation mapping at ultra-high field

6.1 Visual cortex

6.2 Retinotopic organization

6.3 Orientation column organization

6.4 Introduction to the study

6.5 Methods

6.5.1 Stimuli and paradigm

6.5.2 fMRI data acquisition

6.5.3 Pre-processing

6.5.4 Data analysis

6.6 Results

6.7 Discussion

6.8 Conclusion

Bibliography

Abbreviations

Index