Part Ⅰ．Molecular Components of Cells

1．Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

2．Water,pH,and Ionic Equilibria

3．Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

4．Amino Acids

5．Proteins：Their Biological Functions and Primary Structure

6．Proteins：Secondary,Tertiary,and Quaternary Structure

7．Carbohdrates

8．Lipids

9．Membranes and Cell Surfaces

10．Membrane Transport

11．Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

12．Structure of Nucleic Acids

13．Recombinant DNA：Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

Part Ⅱ．Protein Dynamics

14．Enzyme Kinetics

15．Enzyme Specificity and Regulation

16．Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

17．Molecular Motors

Part Ⅲ．Metabolism and Its Regulation

18．Metabolism：An Overview

19．Glycolysis

20．The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

21．Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

22．Photosynthesis

23．Gluconeogenesis,Glycogen Metabolism,and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

24．Fatty Acid Catabolism

25．Lipid Biosynthesis

26．Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

27．The Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

28．Metabolic Integration and the Unidirectionality of Pathways

Part Ⅳ．Information Transfer

29．DNA：Genetic Information,Recombination,and Mutation

30．DNA Replication and Repair

31．Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

32．The Genetic Code

33．Protein Synthesis and Degradation

HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY

Chapter 2 Blood pH and Respiration

Chapter 6 Collagen-Related Diseases

A Mutant Protein That Folds Slowly Can Cause Emphysema and Liver Damage

Faster-Acting Insulin：Genetic Engineering Solves a Quaternary Structure Problem

Chapter 8 Coumarin or Warfarin—Agent of Life or Death

Plant Sterols—Natural Cholesterol Fighters

17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 3 Deficiency

Chapter 9 Treating Allergies at the Cell Membrane

A Prenyl Protein Protease Is a New Chemotherapy Target

Selectins,Rolling Leukocytes,and the Inflammatory Response

Chapter 10 Cardiac Glycosides：Potent Drugs from Ancient Times

Chapter 11 Adenosine：A Nucleoside with Physiological Activity

Chapter 12 Telomeres and Tumors

Chapter 13 The Human Genome Project

The Biochemical Defects in Cystic Fibrosis and ADA—SCID

Chapter 15 Hemoglobin and Nitric Oxide

Chapter 16 Protease Inhibitors Give Life to AIDS Patients

Chapter 17 The Molecular Defect in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Involves an Actin-Anchoring Protein

Smooth Muscle Effectors Are Useful Drugs

Chapter 18 Thiamine and Beriberi

Niacin and Pellagra

Vitamin B12 and Pernicious Anemia

Ascorbic Acid and Scurvy

Vitamin D and Rickets

Vitamin K and Blood Clotting

Chapter 25 Lovastatin Lowers Serum Cholesterol Levels

Chapter 26 Homocysteine and Heart Attacks

Chapter 28 Controlling Obesity—Leptin Is a Protein That Stimulates“Fat Burning”

Chapter 29 Prions：Proteins as Genetic Agents？

CRITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Chapter 4 Green Fluorescent Protein—The“Light Fantastic” from Jellyfish to Gene Expression

Discovery of Optically Active Molecules and Determination of Absolute Configuration

Rules for Description of Chiral Centers in the（R,S）System

Chapter 6 In Bed with a Cold,Pauling Stumbles onto the α-Helix and a Nobel Prize

Thermodynamics of the Folding Process in Globular Proteins

Chapter 13 Combinatorial Libraries

Identifying Specific DNA Sequences by Southern Blotting（Southern Hybridization）

Chapter 16 Transition-Srate Stabilization in the Serine Proteases

The pH Dependence of Aspartic Proteases and HIV-1 Protease

Chapter 17 Effectors of Microtubule Polymerization as Therapeutic Agents

Molecular“Tweezers”of Light Take the Measure of a Muscle Fiber's Force

Chapter 21 Oxidative Phosphorylation—The Clash of Ideas and Energetic Personalities

Chapter 22 Experiments with Isolated Chloroplasts Provided the First Direct Evidence for the Chemiosmotic Hypothesis

Chapter 23 The Pioneering Studies of Carl and Gerty Cori

Chapter 25 The Long Search for the Route to Cholesterol Biosynthesis

Chapter 27 Enzyme Inhibition by Fluoro Compounds

ADEEPER LOOK

Chapter 2 How the Bicarbonate Buffer System Works

Entropy,Information,and the Importance of“Negentropy”

Chapter 4 The Murchison Meteorite—Discovery of Extraterrestrial Handedness

Chapter 5 The Virtually Limitless Number of Different Amino Acid Sequences

Estimation of Protein Concentrations in Solutions of Biological Origin

Chapter 6 Knowing What the Right Hand and Left Hand Are Doing

Charlotte's Web Revisited：Helix-Sheet Composites in Spider Dragline Silk

The Coiled Coil Motif in Proteins

Part Ⅰ．Molecular Components of Cells

1．Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

2．Water,pH,and Ionic Equilibria

3．Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

4．Amino Acids

5．Proteins：Their Biological Functions and Primary Structure

6．Proteins：Secondary,Tertiary,and Quaternary Structure

7．Carbohydrates

8．Lipids

9．Membranes and Cell Surfaces

10．Membrane Transport

11．Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

12．Structure of Nucleic Acids

13．Recombinant DNA：Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

Part Ⅱ．Protein Dynamics

14．Enzyme Kinetics

15．Enzyme Specificity and Regulation

16．Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

17．Molecular Motors

Part Ⅲ．Metabolism and Its Regulation

18．Metabolism：An Overview

19．Glycolysis

20．The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

21．Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

22．Photosynthesis

23．Gluconeogenesis,Glycogen Metabolism,and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

24．Fatty Acid Catabolism

25．Lipid Biosynthesis

26．Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

27．The Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

28．Metabolic Integration and the Unidirectionality of Pathways

Part Ⅳ．Information Transfer

29．DNA：Genetic Information,Recombination,and Mutation

30．DNA Replication and Repair

31．Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

32．The Genetic Code

33．Protein Synthesis and Degradation

Immunoglobulins—All the Features of Protein Structure Brought Together

Chapter 7 Trehalose—A Natural Protectant for Bugs

Honey—An Ancestral Carbohydrate Treat

Billiard Balls,Exploding Teeth,and Dynamite—The Colorful History of Cellulose

Chapter 8 Fatty Acids in Fopds：Saturated Versus Unsaturated

Polar Bears Use Triacylgylcerols to Survive Long Periods of Fasting

Prochirallty

Glycerophospholipid Degradation：One of the Effects of Snake Venoms

Platelet Activating Factor：A Potent Glyceroether Mediator

Moby Dick and Spermaceti：A Valuable Wax from Whale Oil

Why Do Plants Emit Isoprene？

Chapter 9 Exterminator Proteins—Biological Pest Control at the Membrane

Chapter 10 Melittin—How to Sting Like a Bee

Chapter 11 Peptide Nucleic Acids（PNAs）Are Synthetic Mimics of DNA and RNA

Chapter 13 The Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Involved in Specific Protein-Protein Interactions

Chapter 14 An Example of the Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions on Km and kcat：Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of Human Sulfite Oxidase

The Equations of Competitive Inhibition

Chapter 15 Protein Kinases：Target Recognition and Intrasteric Control

An Alternative Allosteric Model：The Sequential Allosteric Model of Koshland,Nemethy,and Filmer

The Physiological Significance of the Hb：O2 Interaction

Changes in the Heme Iron upon O2-Binding

Chapter 16 What Is the Rate Enhancement of an Enzyme？

Chapter 17 Viscous Solutions Reflect Long-Range Molecular Interactions

Chapter 18 Calcium Carbonate—A Biological Sink for CO2

A Fad Diet—Low Carbohydrates,High Protein,High Fat

Riboflavin and Old Yellow Enzyme

Fritz Lipmann and Coenzyme A

Vitamin B6

Biotin

Lipoic Acid

Folic Acid,Pterins,and Insect Wings

β-Carotene and Vision

Vitamin E

Chapter 19 The Chemical Evidence for the Schiff Base Intermediate in Class I Aldolases

Chapter 20 Reaction Mechanism of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Fool's Gold and the Reductive Citric Acid Cycle—The First Metabolic Pathway？

Chapter 23 Carbohydrate Utilization in Exercise

Chapter 24 The Akee Tree

The Activation of Vitamin B12

Chapter 25 Choosing the Best Organism for the Experiment

The Discovery of Prostaglandins

The Molecular Basis for the Action of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Chapter 26 The Mechanism of the Aminotransferase（Transamination）Reaction

The Urea Cycle as Both an Ammonium and a Bicarbonate Disposal Mechanism

Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors as Herbicides

Histidine—A Clue to Understanding Early Evolution？

The Serine Dehydratase Reaction—a β-Elimination

Chapter 27 Tetrahydrofolate（THF）and Ohe-Carbon Units

ATP Changes the Keq for a Process by a Factor of 108

Chapter 29 “Knockout”Mice：A Method To Investigate the Essentiality of a Gene

Chapter 30 A Mechanism for All Polymerases

Telomeres—A Timely End to Chromosomes？

Chapter 31 Conventions Employed in Expressing the Sequences of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

DNA Footprinting—Identifying the Nucleotide Sequence in DNA Where a Protein Binds

Quantitative Evaluation of lac Repressor：DNA Interactions

Storage of Long-Term Memory Depends on Gene Expression Activated by CREB-Type Transcription Factors

Chapter 32 Natural Variations in the Standard Genetic Code

Chapter 33 Molecular Mimicry—The Structures of EF-Tu：Aminoacyl-tRNA and EF-G