Chapter One Language Contact and Linguistic Borrowing

1.1 Language Contact

1.1.1 Causes and Features of Language Contact

1.1.2 Outcomes of Language Contact

1.2 Linguistic Borrowing-the Most Usual Effect of Language Contact

1.2.1 Openness to Linguistic Borrowing

1.2.2 Directness and Indirectness of Linguistic Borrowing

1.2.3 Sources of Linguistic Borrowing

3.1.15 The Preponderance of Senseloans over Transliterations

1.2.4.1 The Borrowing Climaxes of English

1.2.4 Climaxes of Borrowing

1.2.4.2 The Borrowing Climaxes of Chinese

1.2.5 Small-scale Borrowings and Borrowings from Minor Sources

1.2.6 Borrowing due to Linguistic, Cultural, Geographical or Political Closeness Between Speech Communities

1.2.7 Borrowing from Different Varieties of the Same Language in Different Periods

1.2.8 Reverse Borrowing

1.2.9 Borrowing form Influential Languages

1.2.10 Bidirectional of Mutual Borrowing

1.2.11 Unidirectional of One-sided Borrowing

1.2.12 The States of Cultures Revealed by Linguistic Borrowing

1.2.13 Summary

2.1 The Lexical Borrowing of English

Chapter Two The English Borrowing of Lexical Items and Morphological Elements

2.1.1 Reasons for Lexical and Morphological Borrowing

2.1.2 Ways of Borrowing

2.1.3 Forms of Borrowing

2.1.4 Types of Words Likely to Be Borrowed

2.1.5 Factors Influencing Lexical Borrowing

2.1.6 The Interaction Between the Borrowed and Native Elements in the Borrowing Language

2.1.7 Morphological Borrowing of English

2.2 The Borrowing of Inflectional Endings

2.2.1 The Borrowing of Inflectional Endings

2.2.2 The Borrowing of Affixes

2.2.3 Hybridisation Resulting from Lexical and Morphological Borrowing

2.3 Value of Lexical Borrowing

Chapter Three The Chinese Borrowing of Lexical Items and Morphological Elements from English

3.1 Lexical Borrowing of Chinese from English

3.1.1 Transliteration

3.1.2 Transliteration＋Senseloan of Hybrids

3.1.3 Coincidental Senseloan by Transliteration

3.1.4 Transliteration＋Coincidental Senseloan by Transliteration

3.1.5 The Adoption of Acronyms and Abbreviations

3.1.6 Calques or Translation Loans

3.1.7 Copy of the Original

3.1.8 Synonymous English Forms Transcribed in One Form in Chinese

3.1.9 One English Form Transcribed in Many Forms in Chinese

3.1.10 Doublets in Chinese as a Result of Borrowing from English

3.1.11 Transliteration of Only one of the Syllables of an English Word

3.1.12 Abbreviation and the Use of 氏 in Chinese Transliteration of English Proper Names

3.1.13 Adoption of English Elements in Different Varieties of Chinese

3.1.14 Indirect Chinese Borrowing from English Through Japanese

3.1.16 The Borrowing of Phrases

3.1.17 The Chinese Borrowing of English Words and Expressions for the Names of Chinese Companies, Products; Trade Marks and Brand Names

3.2 Morphological Borrowing of Chinese from English

3.3 Evaluation of the Ways of Chinese Borrowing from English and Evolution of the Borrowed Elements in Chinese

3.4 Senses of English Words to Be Borrowed

3.5 Influence of the Borrowing form English on Chinese Vocabulary and Morphology

3.6 Uniformization, Normalization and Standardization of Borrowings in Chinese

3.7 Summary

Conclusion

List of Abbreviations

Notes

Bibliography