BEIJING CHARTER

CHARTE DE BEIJING

CARTA DE BEIJING

ПЕКИНСКАЯХАРТИЯ

ANNOTATIONS TO THE BEIJING CHARTER

Ⅰ UNDERSTANDING THE TIME:THE GENERAL TREND OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION

1 The 20th Century:An Age of“Great Development”and“Immense Devastation”

2 The 21st Century:The Great Turn

Ⅱ FACING THE CHALLENGES:THE CRUCIAL TOPICS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

1 A Complex Situation

2 A Common Choice

Ⅲ FROM TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE TO A GENERAL THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE

1 Three Premises

2 The Theoretical Structure of a General Theory of Architecture

3 Towards a Trinity:Integration of Architecture,Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning

4 A Re-cycling System:An Architecture Focusing on Human Settlements and the Environment

5 Multi-Level Technological Structuring and the Integration of Technology and Humanism

6 Cultural Diversity:To Construct a“Global-Local”Architecture

7 A General Environmental Art

8 Architecture for the Whole Society

9 Comprehensive Education

10 The Methodology of a General Theory of Architecture

Ⅳ A PRIMARY CONCLUSION:ALL PATHWAYS TOWARDS A COMMON DESTINATION

KEYNOTE SPEECH Looking Forward to Architecture of the New Millenium

1 An Outstanding Century of Architecture

2 Apparent Crises

3 Roadmap to the Next Century

4 Towards an Integral Architecture

5 Our Common Mission:A Better Habitat and A Better Society

POSTSCRIPT

1 Is the Future Tangible?

2 How to Treat the Numerous Schools of Architecture?

3 How can We Achieve Concordance While Keep Diversity?

4 What will be the Road of BEING Creative?

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1:The changing scale of time and space:Europe reshaped by the railroad network

Figure 2-1:The last drop of water on the earth will be that of our tear

Figure 2-2:Farmland resources should be preserved,and passed to the future generation for cultivation

Figure 2-3:Architect in hungry

Figure 2-4:If we would have four earths

Figure 2-5:Simple things designers can do to save the earth

Figure 2-6:Percentage of urbanization of the world in 1970,1994 and 2025

Figure 2-7:Distribution of mega-cities in the world

Figure 2-8:A good planning will be the guarantee of a rational urban development

Figure 2-9:Cities in the 21st century imagined by Frank E.Paul in 1928

Figure 2-10:Canadian version of“America the ugly”

Figure 2-11:The protest of the citizens of San Francisco to high-rise buildings

Figure 3-1:Charles Jencks'analysis on the development of late-modern architecture since the 1960s

Figure 3-2:The language of architecture must be that of the public

Figure 3-3:Sculpture,architecture or city?

Figure 3-4:From traditional architecture to integral architecture

Figure 3-5:Spatial structure of Changshu

Figure 3-6:Architectural works of Charles Correa

Figure 3-7:So-called“Biological Tower”designed by Ken Yeang

Figure 3-8:Eden Project designed by Nicolas Grimshaw

Figure 3-9:Town Hall in S？yn？tsalo designed by Alvar Aalto

Figure 3-10:I.M.Pei's design for the Museum of Miho shows his persistent pursuit for the oriental aesthetics with the modern technologies

Figure 3-11:Museum of Roman Art in Mérida designed by Jose Rafael Moneo

Figure 3-12:Different pathways towards a common destination

Figure 3-13:Architectural creations with accordance to the existing urban tissue

Figure 3-14:Tragedy of contemporary architectural education?

Figure 4-1:Exploration for the diverse pathways to the future development of architecture