Chapter 1 Introduction

1．1 What Is a Use Case （More or Less）？

Use Case 1 ？Buy Stocks over the Web？

Use Case 2 ？Get Paid for Car Accident？

Use Case 3 ？Register Arrival of a Box？

1．2 Your Use Case Is Not My Use Case

Use Case4 ？Buy Something（Casual Version）？

Use Case 5 ？Buy Something（Fully Dressed Version）？

◆Steve Adolph： Dlscovering Requirements in New Territory

1．3 Requirements and Use Cases

Use Cases as Project-Linking Structure

Figure 1．1 The Hub-and-Spoke model of requirements

1．4 When Use Cases Add Value

1．5 Manage Your Energy

1．6 Warm Up with a Usage Narrative

◆Usage Narative：Getting Fast Cash

1．7 Exercises

Part 1 The Use Case Body Parts

Actors Have Goals

2．1 Interactions between Actors with Goals

Chapter 2 The Use Case as a Contract for Behavior

Figure 2．1 An actor with a goal calls on the responsibilities of another

Goals Can Fail

Interactions Are Compound

A Use Case Collects Scenarios

Figure 2．2 Striped trousers：Scenarios Succeed or fail

Figure 2．3 The striped trousers showing subgoals

2．2 Contract between Stakeholders with Interests

Figure 2．4 The SuD serves the Primary actor，protecting offstage stakeholders

2．3 The Graphical Model

Figure 2．5 Actors and stakeholders

Figure 2．6 Behavior

Figure 2．7 Use Case as responsibility invocation

Figure 2．8 Interactions as composite

Chapter 3 Scope

Table 3．1 A Sample In/Out List

3．1 Functional Scope

The Actor-Goal List

The Use Case Briefs

Table 3．2 A Sample Actor-Goal List

3．2 Design Scope

Table 3．3 Sample Use Case Briefs

Figure 3．1 Design scope can be any size

Using Graphical Icons to Highlight the Design Scope

Design Scope Examples

Enterprise-to，System Examples

Use Case 6 ？Add New Service （Enterprise）？

Use Case 7 ？Add New Service（Acura）？

Use Case 8 ？Enter and Update Requests （Joint System）？

Many Computers to One Application

Use Case 9 ？Add New Service （into Acura）？

Use Case 10 ？Note New Service Request （in BSSO）？

Use Case 11？Update Service Request （in Bsso）？

Use Case 12 ？Note Updated Request （in Acura）？

Figure 3．2 Use case diagrams for Acura-BSSO

Figure 3．3 A combined use case diagram for Acura-Bsso

Nuts and Bolts Use Cases

Use Case 13 ？Serialize Access to a Resource？

Use Case 14 ？Apply a Lock Conversion Policy？

Use Case 15 ？Apply an Access Compatibility Policy？

Use Case 16 ？Apply an Access Selection Policy？

Use Case 17 ？Make Service Client Wait for Resource Access？

3．3 The Outermost Use Cases

3．4 Using the Scope-Defining Work Products

3．5 Exercises

Chapter 4 Stakeholders and Actors

4．1 Stakeholders

4．2 The Primary Actor

Why Primary Actors Are Unimportant （and Important）

Table 4．1 A Sample Actor Profile Table

Actors versus Roles

Characterizing the Primary Actors

4．3 Supporting Actors

4．4 The System Under Discussion

4．5 Internal Actors and White-Box Use Cases

4．6 Exercises

Chapter 5 Three Named Goal Levels

5．1 User Goals （Blue，Sea-Level）

Figure 5．1 Use case levels

Two Levels of Blue

5．2 Summary Level（White，Cloud/Kite）

Use Case 18 ？Operate an Insurance Policy+？

The Outermost Use Cases Revisited

5．3 Subfunctions （Indigo/Black，Underwater/Clam）

Summarizing Goal Levels

5．4 Using Graphical Icons to Highlight Goal Levels

5．5 Finding the Right Goal Level

Finding the User s Goal

Figure 5．2 Ask why to shift Levels

Raising and Lowering Goal Levels

5．6 A Longer Writing Sample：”Handle a Claim”at Several Levels

Use Case 19 ？Handle a Claim （Business）？

Use Case 20 ？Evaluate Work Comp Claim？

Use Case 21 ？Handle a Claim（Systems）+？

Use Case 22 ？Register a Loss？

Use Case 23 ？Find a Whatever （Problem Statement）？

5．7 Exercises

6．1 Preconditions

Chapter 6 Preconditions，Triggers，and Guarantees

6．2 Minimal Guarantees

6．3 Success Guarantee

6．4 Triggers

6．5 Exercises

Chapter 7 Scenarios and Steps

7．1 The Main Success Scenario

The Common Surrounding Structure

The Scenario Body

Guideline 1：Use Simple Grammar

Guideline 2：Show Clearly Who Has the Ball

7．2 Action Steps

Guidelines

Guideline 3：Write from a Bird s Eye View

Guideline 4：Show the Process Moving Forward

Guideline 5：Show the Actor s Intent，Not the Movements

Guideline 6：Include a Reasonable Set of Actions

Figure 7．1 Atransaction has four parts

Guideline 8：Optionally Mention the Timing

Guideline 7：”Validate，”Don t Check Whether

Guideline 9：Idiom： User Has System A Kick System B

Guideline 10：Idiom： Do Steps x-y until Condition”

To Number or Not to Number

7．3 Exercises

Chapter 8 Extensions

8．1 Extension Basics

8．2 The Extension Conditions

Brainstorm All Conceivable Failures and Alternative Courses

Guideline 11：Make the Condition Say What Was Detected

Rationalize the Extensions List

Rollup Failures

8．3 Extension Handling

Guideline 12：Indent Condition Handling

Failures within Failures

Creating a New Use Case from an Extension

8．4 Exercises

Chapter 9 Technology and Data Variations

Figure 9．1 Technology variations using specialization in UML

10．1 Sub Use Cases

Chapter 10 Linking Use Cases

10．2 Extension Use Cases

Figure 10．1 UML diagram of extension use cases

When to Use Extension Use Cases

10．3 Exercises

Chapter 11 Use Case Formats

11．1Formats to Choose From

Fully Dressed

Use Case 24 Fully Dressed Use Case Template

Use Case 25 ？Actually Login （Casual Version）？

Casual

OneColumn Table

Table 11．1 One-Column Table Format of a Use Case

Two-Column Table

Table 11．2 Two-Column Table

RUP Style

Use Case 26 ？Register for Courses？

If-Statement Style

Occam Style

Diagram Style

11．2 Forces Affecting Use Case Writing Styles

The UML Use Case Diagram

Consistency

Complexity

11．3 Standards for Five Project Types

For Requirements Elicitation

Use Case 27 ？Elicitation Template一Oble a New Biscum？

For Business Process Modeling

Use Case 28 ？Business Process Template一Symp a Carstromming？

For Sizing the Requirements

Use Case 29 ？Sizing Template一Burble the Tramling？

Use Case 30 ？High-Pressure Template：Kree a Ranfath？

For a Short，High-Pressure Project

For Detailed Functional Requirements

Use Case 31 ？Use Case Name一Nathorize a Permion？

11．4 Conclusion

11．5 Exercise

Part 2 Frequently Discussed Topics

Chapter 12 When Are We Done？

On Being Done

Chapter 13 Scaling Up to Many Use Cases

Say Less about Each One （Low-Precision Representation）

Create Clusters of Use Cases

14．1 CRUD Use Cases

Figure 13．1 Design scopes for the ATM

Chapter 14 CRUD and Parameterized Use Cases

Use Case 32 ？Manage Reports？

Use Case 33 ？Save Report？

14．2 Parameterized Use Cases

Chapter 15 Business Process Modeling

15．1 Modeling versus Designing

Work from the Core Business

Figure 15．1 Core business black box

Figure 15．2 New business design in white box

Work from Business Process to Technology

Figure 15．3 New Business design in white box（again）

Figure 15．4 New Business process in black-box system use cases

15．2 Linking Business and System Use Cases

Work from Technology to Business Process

◆Rusty Walters：Business Modeling and System Requirements

Chapter 16 The Missing Requirements

16．1 Precision in Data Requirements

16．2 Cross-linking from Use Cases to Other Requirements

Figure 16．1 Recap of Figure 1．1， Hub-and-Spoke model of requirements

Chapter 17 Use Cases in the Overall Process

17．1 Use Cases in Project Organization

Organize by Use Case Titles

Table 17．1 Sample Planning Table

Handle Use Cases Crossing Releases

Deliver Complete Scenarios

17．2 Use Cases to Task or Feature Lists

Use Case 34 ？Capture Trade-In？

Table 17．2 Work List for Capture Trade-In

17．3 Use Cases to Design

A Special Note to Object-Oriented Designers

17．4 Use Cases to UI Design

Use Case 35 ？Order Goods，Generate Invoice （Testing Example）？

17．5 Use Cases to Test Cases

Table 17．3 Main Success Scenario Tests（Good Credit Risk）

Table 17．4 Main Success Scenario Tests（Bad Credit Risk）

17．6 The Actual Writing

A Branch-and-Join Process

◆Andy Kraus：Collecting Use Ca？？s from a Large，Dlverse Lay Group

Collecting Use Cases from Large Groups

Time Required per Use Case

Chapter 18 Use Case Briefs and Extreme Programming

Chapter 19 Mistakes Fixed

19．1 No System

19．2 No Primary Actor

19．3 Too Many User Interface Details

19．4 Very Low Goal Levels

19．5 Purpose and Content Not Aligned

19．6 Advanced Example of Too Much Ul

Use Case 36 ？Research a Solution一Before？

Use Case 37 ？Research Possible Solutions一After？

Part 3 Reminders for the Busy

Reminder 2：Make the Use Case Easy to Read

Reminder 1：A Use Case Is a Prose Essay

Chapter 20 Reminders for Each Use Case

Reminder 3：Just One Sentence Form

Reminder 5：Who Has the Ball？

Reminder 4： Include Sub Use Cases

Reminder 6：Get the Goal Level Right

Figure 20．1 Ask why to shift levels

Reminder 7：Keep the GUI Out

Reminder 8：Two Endings

Reminder 9：Stakeholders Need Guarantees

Reminder 10：Preconditions

Reminder 11：Pass/Fail Tests for One Use Case

Table 20．1 Pass/Fail Tests for One Use Case

Chapter 21 Reminders for the Use Case Set

Reminder 12：An Ever-Unfolding Story

Reminder 13：Both Corporate Scope and System Scope

Reminder 14：Core Values and Variations

Reminder 15：Quality Questions across the Use Case Set

Reminder 17：Work Breadth First

Reminder 16：It s Just Chapter 3 （Where s Chapter 4？）

Chapter 22 Reminders for Working on the Use Cases

Figure 22．1 Work expands with precision

Reminder 18：The 12-Step Recipe

Reminder 19：Know the Cost of Mistakes

Reminder 20：Blue Jeans Preferred

Reminder 21：Handle Failures

Reminder 22：Job Titles Sooner and Later

Reminder 23：Actors Play Roles

Figure 22．2 Mommy，I want to go home．

Reminder 24：The Great Drawing Hoax

Figure 22．3 Context diagram in ellipse figure form

Table 22．1 Actor-Goal List for Context Diagram

Reminder 25：The Great Tool Debate

Reminder 26：Project Planning Using Titles and Briefs

Appendices

Appendix A Use Cases in UML

A．1 Ellipses and Stick Figures

A．2 UML s Includes Relation

Figure A．1 Drawing Includes

A．3 UML s Extends Relation

Guideline 13：Draw Higher Goals Higher

Guideline 15：Use Different Arrow Shapes

Figure A．2 Drawing Extends

Guideline 14：Draw Extending Use Cases Lower

Correct Use of Extends

Figure A．3 Three interrupting use cases extending a base use case

Extension Points

A．4 UML s Generalizes Relations

Correct Use of Generalizes

Figure A．4 Drawing Generalizes

Hazards of Generalizes

Guideline 16：Draw General Goals Higher

Figure A．5 Hazardous generalization一closing a big deal

Figure A．6 Correctly closing a big deal

A．5 Subordinate versus Sub Use Cases

A．6 Drawing Use Case Diagrams

Guideline 17：User Goals in a Context Diagram

Guideline18： Supporting Actors on the Right

A．7 Write Text-based Use Cases Instead

Chapter 3， page 51

Appendix B Answers to （Some）Exercises

Chapter 4， page 60

Chapter 5， page 79

Chapter 6， page 85

Chapter 7， page 98

Use Case 38 ？Use the Order Processing System？

Use Case 39 ？Buy Stocks Over the Web？

Chapter 11， page 138

Use Case 40 ？Perform Clean Spark Plugs Service？

Chapter 8， page 110

Appendix C Glossary

Main Terms

Use Case Types

Diagrams

Appendix D Readings

Books Referenced in the Text

Articles Referenced in the Text

Useful Online Resources

Index