1 Introduction

1-1 Electromagnetics: Its Importance

1-2 Dimensions and Units

1-3 Fundamental and Secondary Units

1-4 How to Read the Symbols and Notation

1-5 Equation and Problem Numbering

1-6 Vector Analysis

Introduction

Scalars and Vectors

Vector Addition and Subtraction

Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar

Rectangular Coordinates and the Resolution of a Vector into Components

The Scalar or Dot Product of Two Vectors

The Line Integral

The Surface Integral

The Volume Integral

Vector or Cross-Product of Two Vectors

1-7 Inroduction to Coordinate Systems

Coordinate Tables

Problems

2 Electric and Magnetic Fields

2-1 Introduction

2-2 Electric Fields

Electric Charge Q and Electric Field E

2-3 Electrie Potential V and Its Gradient E

Superposition of Potential

2-4 Electric Field Streamlines and Equipotential Contours; Orthogonality

2-5 Multiconductor Transmission Lines

Line Charges

2-6 Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density (or Displacement): Gauss s Law

Surface Charge, Uniform Case

Surface Charge, Nonuniform Case

Volume Charge and Gauss s Law

2-7 Divergence

Poisson s and Laplace s Equations

2-8 Boundary Conditions; Dielectric Media

2-9 Capacitors and Capacitance;Capacitor Cells

Capacitor Energy and Energy Density

2-10 Twin-Strip and Microstrip Transmission Lines

2-11 Electric Currents

Electric Current and Current Density

Resistance and Conductance;Resistivity and Conductivity

Ohm s Law

Ohm s Law at a Point and Current Density

Power and Joule s Law

Dielectrics, Conductors, and Semiconductors Compared-An Overview

Conductor Cells

Boundary Conditions; Conducting Media

Potential and emf

2-12 Magnetic Fields of Electric Currents

Magnetic Flux Ψm and Magnetic Flux Density B; Gauss s Law

Lorentz Force or Motor Equation

Inductance, Inductors, Energy, and Energy Density

Inductor Energy and Energy Density

Inductor Cells

2-13 Changing Magnetic Fields, Induction, and Faraday s Law

2-14 Examples of Induction

Motion and Time-Changing Induction

Coupling, Cross Talk, and Mutual Inductance

2-15 Curl

2-16 Maxwell s Equations

Problems

3 Transmission Lines

3-1 Introduction

3-2 Circuit Theory

3-3 Field Theory

The Microstrip Transmission Line

Transmission Line Impedance Formulas

Energy, Power, and Poynting Vector

3-4 The Terminated Uniform Transmission Line and VSWR

Impedance Matching; the Smith Chart

Using a Smith Chart

Stub Tuning

3-5 Bandwidth

3-6 Pulses and Transients

The λ/4 Transformer

Important Conclusions

Problems

4 Wave Propagation, Attenuation, Polarization, Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction

4-1 Introduction

4-2 Waves in Space

4-3 Traveling Waves and Standing Waves

4-4 Conductors and Dielectrics

4-5 Conducting Media and Lossy Lines

4-6 Dielectric Hysteresis and Dielectric Loss

4-7 Plane Waves at Interfaces and Analogous Transmission Lines

Wave Absorption with Conducting Sheet(Salisbury Sheet)

Wave Absorption with Ferrite-Titanate Medium

4-8 Relative Phase Velocity and Index of Refraction

4-9 Group Velocity

4-10 Power and Energy Relations

4-11 Linear, Elliptical, and Circular Polarization

4-12 Poynting Vector for Elliptically and Circularly Polarized Waves

4-13 The Polarization Ellipse and the Poincaré Sphere

4-14 Oblique Incidence: Reflection and Refraction

Perpendicular Case(EI)

Parallel Case(EII)

4-15 Elliptically Polarized Plane Wave, Oblique Incidence

4-16 Huygens Principle and Physical Optics; Diffraction

Projects

Problems

5 Antennas, Radiation, and Wireless Systems

5-1 Introduction

5-2 Basic Antenna Parameters

5-3 Arrays

Two Isotropic Point Sources

Pattern Multiplication

Binomial Array

Linear Arrays of n Isotropic Point Sources of Equal Amplitude and Spacings

5-4 Retarded Potentials

5-5 The Short Dipole Antenna and Its Radiation Resistance

5-6 Pattern and Radiation Resistance of λ/2 and 3λ/2 Dipoles

5-7 Broadside Array

5-8 Fields of λ/2 Dipole Antenna

5-9 Antenna Types

Loops, Dipoles, and Slots

Opened-Out Coaxial Antennas

Opened-Out Two-Conductor Antennas

Opened-Out Waveguide Antennas

Flat-Sheet Reflector Antennas

Paranbolic Dish and Dielectric Lens Antennas

End-Fire Antennas: Polyrod, Yagi-Uda, and Helical

Broad-Bandwidth Antennas: Conical Spiral, Log-Periodic, and 3-in-I

Patch Antennas

Arrays of Dipoles and Slots;Frequency Selective Surfaces(FSS)

5-10 Radion Link and Friis Formula

5-11 Antenna Temperature, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Remots Sensing

Note: Ratios and Decibels

5-12 Radar and Radar Cross-Section

Pulse Doppler Weather Radar

The Corner Reflector

5-13 Global Position Satellites and Relatiyity

5-14 Far Field, Near Field, and Fourier Transform

5-15 Earth-Based, Airborne, and Spaceborne Cellular Systems

5-16 Absorption by Atmosphere and Foliage

Projects

Problems

6 Electrodynamics

6-1 Introduction

6-2 Charged Particles Moving in Electric Fields

6-3 The Cathode-Ray Tube(CRT);Electrical Deflection

6-4 Charged Particles Moving in a Static Magnetic Field

Particle Radius

Gyrofrequency

6-5 Cathode-Ray Tube; Magnetic Deflection

6-6 Rotary Motor or Generator

6-7 Linear Motor

6-8 Hall-Effect Generator

6-9 Moving Conductor in a Static Magnetic Field

6-10 The Magnetic Brake

Problems

7 Dielectric and Magnetic Materials

7-1 Introduction

7-2 Homogeneity, Linearity, and Isotropy

7-3 Table of Permittivities

7-4 The Electric Field in a Dielectric

7-5 The Electric Dipole and Electric-Dipole Moment

7-6 Polarization

7-7 Boundary Relations

7-8 Table of Boundary Relations

7-9 Dielectric Strength

7-10 Energy and Energy Density

7-11 The Atomic Loop

7-12 Magnetic Dipoles, Loops, and Solenoids

7-13 Magnetic Materials

7-14 Magnetic Dipoles and Magnetization

7-15 Uniformly Magnetized Rod and Equivalent Air-Core Solenoid

7-16 Boundary Relations

7-17 Ferromagnetism

7-18 Magnetization Curves

7-19 Hysteresis

7-20 Energy in a Magnet

7-21 Permanent Magnets

7-22 Table of Permanent Magnetic Materials

7-23 Demagnetization

7-24 Gapless Circuit

7-25 Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap

7-26 Magnetic Gap Force

7-27 Permanent Magnet with Gap

7-28 Altermating-Current Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials

7-29 Eddy Currents

Problems

8 Waveguides, Resonators, and Fiber Optics

8-1 Introduction

8-2 Circuits, Lines, and Guides: A Comparison

8-3 TE Mode Wave in the Infinite-Parallel-Plane Transmission Line or Guide

8-4 The Hollow Rectangular Waveguide

8-5 The Hollow Cylindrical Waveguide

8-6 Hollow Waveguides of Other Cross-Section

8-7 Waveguide Devices

8-8 Waves Traveling Parallel to a Plane Boundary

8-9 Open Waveguides

8-10 Dielectric Sheet Waveguides

8-11 Dielectric Fiber and Rod Waveguides: Fiber Optics

8-12 Cavity Resonators

Project

Problems

9 Bioelectromagnetics

9-1 Introduction

9-2 The Axon: An Active, Lossless, Shielded, Noiseless Transmission Line

9-3 Retinal Optic Fibers

9-4 Heart Dipole Field

9-5 Defibrillators and Pacemakers

9-6 Biological Fields

9-7 Electromagnetic Hazards and the Environment

Projects

Solar Power to Food

Problems

Solar Power Problems

References

10 Electromagnetic Effects in High-Speed Digital Systems

10-1 Introduction

SceneI:A Strangely Behaving Reset Signal on a PC Card

SceneII:CD Player on Airplane Interferes with the Navigation System

10-2 Two Viewpoints: Lumped or Distributed

10-3 Distributed Systems

Speed and Distance

Rise Time and Length; Lumped versus Distributed Circuits

Knee Frequency

Review of Transmission Line Theory

Reflections in the Presence of Capactitance

Terminations

10-4 Inductance and Capacitance

How Circuit Boards Are Made

Cross Talk

10-5 Electromagnetic Interference

Problems

11 Numerical Methods

11-1 Introduction

11-2 Laplace s Equation in Rectangular Coordinates; Separation of Variables

11-3 Example 11-1: The Parallel-Plate Capacitor

11-4 Repetitive Laplace Solution or Finite Difference Method

11-5 Example 11-2: The Infinite Square Trough with Lid by Repetitive Laplace

11-6 Example 11-3: Infinite Square Trough with Different Potentials on All Four Sides

11-7 Line Charge Distribution: The Integral Equation and the Moment Method(MM)

11-8 The Generalized Multipole Technique(GMT)

11-9 Finite Difference-Time Domain(FD-TD)Technique

11-10 Finite Element Method(FEM)

11-11 Continuous Wave(CW)Reflections and FEM

Problems

Appendixes

A Units, Constants, and Other Useful Reltions

A-1 Fundamental, Mechanical, Electrical, and Magnetic Units

A-2 Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Logarithmic, and Other Relations

A-3 Glyphs(Nonalphabetic Pictograph Symbols)

B Field Maps, Laplace s Equation, Full Vector Notation

Field Mapping

Graphical Solution

Full Vector Notation

C Computer Programs

1: ZX

2: VSWR

3: Bouncing Pulses

4: Traveling waves

5: Ground bounce

6: ARRAYPATGAIN

7: REPLA

8: Charged Plates

9: Post

10: Lossy line

11: V-LEVEL

12: SMITH CHART

13: QWT

D Project Equipment

E Answers

Index

Symbols, prefixes and abbreviation

Constants and conversions