Chapter 1 Introduction

Introduction

What Does Carrier Grade Mean?

What Does VoIP Mean?

A Little About IP

Why VoIP?

Why Carry Voice?

Why Use IP for Voice?

Lower Equipment Cost

Voice/Data Integration and Advanced Services

Lower Bandwidth Requirements

The Widespread Availability of IP

The VoIP Market

VoIP Challenges

Speech Quality

Network Reliability and Scalability

Managing Access and Prioritizing Traffic

VoIP Implementations

IP-Based PBX Solutions

IP Voice Mail

Hosted PBX Solutions

IP Call Centers

IP User Devices

Overview of Following Chapters

Chapter 2 Transporting Voice by Using IP

Introduction

Overview of the IP Protocol Suite

Internet Standards and the Standards Process

The Internet Society

The Internet Architecture Board(IAB)

The Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA)

The Internet Standards Process

The Internet Engineering Steering Group(IESG)

IP

The IP Header

IP Routing

The Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)

The TCP Header

TCP Connections

The User Datagram Protocol(UDP)

Voice over UDP, not TCP

The Real-Time Transport Protocol(RTP)

RTP Payload Formats

The RTP Header

Mixers and Translators

The RTP Control Protocol(RTCP)

RTCP Sender Report(SR)

RTCP Source Description Packet(SDES)

RTCP Receiver Report(RR)

RTCP BYE Packet

Application-Defined RTCP Packet

Calculating Round-Trip Time

Calculating Jitter

Timing of RTCP Packets

IP Multicast

IP Version 6 Header

IP Version 6

IP Version 6 Addresses

IP Version 6 Header Extensions

Interoperating IP Version 4 and IP Version 6

Other Supporting Functions and Protocols

IP Security

Domain Name Service(DNS)

Path MTU Discovery

Chapter 3 Speech-Coding Techniques

Introduction

Voice Quality

A Little About Speech

Voice Sampling

Quantization

Types of Speech Coders

G.711

Adaptive DPCM(ADPCM)

Analysis-by-Synthesis(AbS)Codecs

G.728 LD-CELP

G.723.1 ACELP

G.729

Selecting Codecs

Cascaded Codecs

Tones,Signals,and DTMF Digits

Chapter 4 H.323

Introduction

The H.323 Architecture

Overview of H.323 Signaling

Overview of H.323 Protocols

H.323 Addressing

Codecs

RAS Signaling

Gatekeeper Discovery

Endpoint Registration and Registration Cancellation

Endpoint Location

Admission

Bandwidth Change

Status

Disengage

Resource Availability

Request in Progress

Call Signaling

Setup

Call Proceeding

Release Complete

Connect

Alerting

Progress

Facility

Interaction between Call Signaling and H.245 Control Signaling

Call Scenarios

Basic Call without Gatekeepers

A Basic Call with Gatekeepers and Direct-Endpoint Call Signaling

A Basic Call with Gatekeeper/Direct-Routed Call Signaling

A Basic Call with Gatekeeper-Routed Call Signaling

Optional Called-Endpoint Signaling

H.245 Control Signaling

H.245 Message Groupings

The Concept of Logical Channels

H.245 Procedures

Fast-Connect Procedure

H.245 Message Encapsulation

An Ad-Hoc Conference

Conference Calls

A Pre-Arranged Conference

Chapter 5 The Session Initiation Protocol(SIP)

Introduction

The Popularity of SIP

SIP Architecture

SIP Network Entities

SIP Call Establishment

SIP Advantages over Other Signaling Protocols

Overview of SIP Messaging Syntax

SIP Requests

SIP Responses

SIP Addressing

SIP Addressing

Message Headers

Registration

Examples of SIP Message Sequences

Invitation

Termination of a Call

Redirect and Proxy Servers

Redirect Servers

Proxy Servers

The Session Description Protocol(SDP)

The Structure of SDP

SDP Syntax

Usage of SDP with SIP

Negotiation of Media

Usage of SIP for Features and Services

Call Forwarding

Consultation Hold

SIP Extensions and Enhancements

The SIP 183 Session-Progress Message

The SIP INF0 Method

The SIP-Supported Header

Reliability of Provisional Responses

Integration of SIP Signaling and Resource Management

Interworking

PSTN Interworking

Interworking with H.323

Summary

Chapter 6 Media Gateway Control and the Softswitch Architecture

Introduction

Separation of Media and Call Control

Softswitch Architecture

Requirements for Media Gateway Control

Protocols for Media Gateway Control

MGCP

The MGCP Model

MGCP Endpoints

MGCP Calls and Connections

Overview of MGCP Commands

Overview of MGCP Responses

Command and Response Details

Call Setup Using MGCP

Call Setup Based on Detected Events

MGCP Events,Signals,and Packages

Internetworking between MGCP and SIP

MGCP Call Release

MEGACO/H.248

MEGACO Architecture

Overview of MEGACO Commands

Descriptors

Packages

MEGACO Command and Response Details

Call Setup Using MEGACO

MEGACO Call Setup Based on Detected Events

Interworking between MEGACO and SIP

Chapter 7 VoIP and SS7

Introduction

The SS7 Protocol Suite

The Message Transfer Part

ISUP and SCCP

SS7 Network Architecture

Signaling Points

Signal Transfer Point

Service Control Point(SCP)

Message Signal Units(MSUs)

SS7 Addressing

The ISDN User Part(ISUP)

Performance Requirements for SS7

Sigtran

Sigtran Architecture

SCTP

M3UA Operation

M2UA Operation

Interworking SS7 and VoIP Architectures

Interworking Softswitch and SS7

Interworking H.323 and SS7

Chapter 8 Quality of Service

Introduction

The Need for QOS

End-to-End QOS

It s Not Just the Network

Overview of QOS Solutions

More Bandwidth

QOS Protocols and Architectures

QOS Policies

The Resource-Reservation Protocol(RSVP)

RSVP Syntax

Establishing Reservations

Guaranteed Service

Reservation Errors

Controlled-Load Service

Removing Reservations and the Use of Soft State

DiffServ

DiffServ Architecture

The Need for Service-Level Agreements(SLAs)

Per-Hop Behaviors(PHBs)

Multi-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS)

MPLS Architecture

FECs and Labels

Actions at LSRs

Label-Switched Paths

MPLS Traffic Engineering

Combining QOS Solutions

Further Information

Chapter 9 Accessing the Network

Modems

Introduction

ISDN

BRI

Primary Rate Interface(PRI)

The Future of ISDN

Digital Subscriber Line(DSL)

DSL Variants

The ADSL Architecture

DSL Modulation

DSL Challenges

Using the Cable TV Infrastructure

Hybrid-Fiber Coax

Data Transmission over the HFC Network

The Packet Cable Architecture

Fixed Wireless Access

LMDS

Mobile Services

The Evolution to 3G for GSM

The Evolution to 3G for IS-136 TDMA

The Evolution to 3G for IS-95 CDMA

Chapter 10 Fax over IP(FoIP)

Introduction

Today s Fax Service

T.4 and T.30

Real-Time Fax

Sending Fax Messages over IP

Fax and H.323

TCP or UDP

Fax and SIP,SDP,and RTP

E-Mail-Based Fax

References

Glossary

Index