1．Beyond Relational Databases

What’s Wrong with Relational Databases?

A Quick Review of Relational Databases

RDBMSs：The Awesome and the Not-So-Much

Web Scale

The Rise of NoSQL

Summary

2．Introducing Cassandra

The Cassandra Elevator Pitch

Cassandra in 50 Words or Less

Distributed and Decentralized

Elastic Scalability

High Availability and Fault Tolerance

Tuneable Consistency

Brewer’s CAP Theorem

Row-Oriented

High Performance

Where Did Cassandra Come From?

Release History

Is Cassandra a Good Fit for My Project?

Large Deployments

Lots of Writes,Statistics,and Analysis

Geographical Distribution

Evolving Applications

Getting Involved

Summary

3．Installing Cassandra

Installing the Apache Distribution

Extracting the Download

What’s In There?

Building from Source

Additional Build Targets

Running Cassandra

On Windows

On Linux

Starting the Server

Stopping Cassandra

Other Cassandra Distributions

Running the CQL Shell

Basic cqlsh Commands

cqlsh Help

Describing the Environment in cqlsh

Creating a Keyspace and Table in cqlsh

Writing and Reading Data in cqlsh

Summary

4．The Cassandra Query Language

The Relational Data Model

Cassandra’s Data Model

Clusters

Keyspaces

Tables

Columns

CQL Types

Numeric Data Types

Textual Data Types

Time and Identity Data Types

Other Simple Data Types

Collections

User-Defined Types

Secondary Indexes

Summary

5．Data Modeling

Conceptual Data Modeling

RDBMS Design

Design Differences Between RDBMS and Cassandra

Defining Application Queries

Logical Data Modeling

Hotel Logical Data Model

Reservation Logical Data Model

Physical Data Modeling

Hotel Physical Data Model

Reservation Physical Data Model

Materialized Views

Evaluating and Refining

Calculating Partition Size

Calculating Size on Disk

Breaking Up Large Partitions

Defining Database Schema

DataStax DevCenter

Summary

6．The Cassandra Architecture

Data Centers and Racks

Gossip and Failure Detection

Snitches

Rings and Tokens

Virtual Nodes

Partitioners

Replication Strategies

Consistency Levels

Queries and Coordinator Nodes

Memtables,SSTables,and Commit Logs

Caching

Hinted Handoff

Lightweight Transactions and Paxos

Tombstones

Bloom Filters

Compaction

Anti-Entropy,Repair,and Merkle Trees

Staged Event-Driven Architecture（SEDA）

Managers and Services

Cassandra Daemon

Storage Engine

Storage Service

Storage Proxy

Messaging Service

Stream Manager

CQL Native Transport Server

System Keyspaces

Summary

7．Configuring Cassandra

Cassandra Cluster Manager

Creating a Cluster

Seed Nodes

Partitioners

Murmur3 Partitioner

Random Partitioner

Order-Preserving Partitioner

ByteOrderedPartitioner

Snitches

Simple Snitch

Property File Snitch

Gossiping Property File Snitch

Rack Inferring Snitch

Cloud Snitches

Dynamic Snitch

Node Configuration

Tokens and Virtual Nodes

Network Interfaces

Data Storage

Startup and JVM Settings

Adding Nodes to a Cluster

Dynamic Ring Participation

Replication Strategies

SimpleStrategy

NetworkTopologyStrategy

Changing the Replication Factor

Summary

8．Clients

Hector,Astyanax,and Other Legacy Clients

DataStax Java Driver

Development Environment Configuration

Clusters and Contact Points

Sessions and Connection Pooling

Statements

Policies

Metadata

Debugging and Monitoring

DataStax Python Driver

DataStax Node.js Driver

DataStax Ruby Driver

DataStax C#Driver

DataStax C/C++Driver

DataStax PHP Driver

Summary

9．Reading and Writing Data

Writing

Write Consistency Levels

The Cassandra Write Path

Writing Files to Disk

Lightweight Transactions

Batches

Reading

Read Consistency Levels

The Cassandra Read Path

Read Repair

Range Queries,Ordering and Filtering

Functions and Aggregates

Paging

Speculative Retry

Deleting

Summary

10．Monitoring

Logging

Tailing

Examining Log Files

Monitoring Cassandra with JMX

Connecting to Cassandra via JConsole

Overview of MBeans

Cassandra’s MBeans

Database MBeans

Networking MBeans

Metrics MBeans

Threading MBeans

Service MBeans

Security MBeans

Monitoring with nodetool

Getting Cluster Information

Getting Statistics

Summary

11．Maintenance

Health Check

Basic Maintenance

Flush

Cleanup

Repair

Rebuilding Indexes

Moving Tokens

Adding Nodes

Adding Nodes to an Existing Data Center

Adding a Data Center to a Cluster

Handling Node Failure

Repairing Nodes

Replacing Nodes

Removing Nodes

Upgrading Cassandra

Backup and Recovery

Taking a Snapshot

Clearing a Snapshot

Enabling Incremental Backup

Restoring from Snapshot

SSTable Utilities

Maintenance Tools

DataStax OpsCenter

Netflix Priam

Summary

12．Performance Tuning

Managing Performance

Setting Performance Goals

Monitoring Performance

Analyzing Performance Issues

Tracing

Tuning Methodology

Caching

Key Cache

Row Cache

Counter Cache

Saved Cache Settings

Memtables

Commit Logs

SSTables

Hinted Handoff

Compaction

Concurrency and Threading

Networking and Timeouts

JVM Settings

Memory

Garbage Collection

Using cassandra-stress

Summary

13．Security

Authentication and Authorization

Password Authenticator

Using CassandraAuthorizer

Role-Based Access Control

Encryption

SSL,TLS,and Certificates

Node-to-Node Encryption

Client-to-Node Encryption

JMX Security

Securing JMX Access

Security MBeans

Summary

14．Deploying and Integrating

Planning a Cluster Deployment

Sizing Your Cluster

Selecting Instances

Storage

Network

Cloud Deployment

Amazon Web Services

Microsoft Azure

Google Cloud Platform

Integrations

Apache Lucene,SOLR,and Elasticsearch

Apache Hadoop

Apache Spark

Summary

Index