SECTION 1 Survey

1 The social study of language

The scope of enquiry

Complementary approaches

The methods of enquiry

Whatarethedata?

The sociolinguist at work

The approach in this book

2 The ethnography of speaking and the structure of conversation

The ethnography of speaking

The structure of conversations

Politeness and politeness formulas

Terms of address

3 Locating variations in speech

Speech communities and repertoires

Dialect

4 Styles,gender,and social class

Styles

Specialized varieties or registers and domains

Slang and solidarity

Language and gender

Social stratification

Accommodation and audience design

5 Bilinguals and bilingualism

Language socialization

The description of bilingualism

Bilingual competence

Code switching and code mixing

6 Societal multilingualism

Multilingualism

Language loyalty and reversing language shift

Language and ethnic identity

Language and politics

Language rights

Pidgins and creoles

Diglossia

7 Applied sociolinguistics

Language policy and language planning

Status planning

Corpus planning

Normativism and prescriptivism

Language acquisition planning or language education policy

Language diffusion policy or linguistic imperialism

The spread of English—imperialism or hegemony?

Conclusions

SECTION 2 Readings

SECTION 3 References

SECTION 4 Glossary