Chapter 1 Introduction

1 The necessity of distinguishing between ESL and EFL2

2 Features of current English teaching in China4

3 The purpose and organization of the book7

Chapter 2 Language Teaching Approaches and English Teach-ing in China

1 The Grammar-Translation Approach10

2 The Direct Approach13

3 The Audio-lingual Approach15

4 The Situational Approach18

5 Total Physical Response20

6 The Communicative Approach22

7 Task-Based Language Teaching25

Chapter 3 Guidel ines for EFL Classroom Teaching

1 Clarifying the status of English in China28

2 Input,intake and output32

3 Focusing on both meaning and form37

4 Cultural awareness 40

5 Integrating skills47

6 Class organization50

Chapter 4 Teaching Listening

1 Causes of listening comprehension difficulty53

2 Theories of listening and language comprehension54

3 Principles for teaching listening57

4 Types of listening activities60

5 Developing listening activities62

Chapter 5 Teaching Speaking

1 Communicative competence72

2 The concept of fluency74

3 The phases of training speaking75

4 Speaking activities78

5 Topics for practicing speaking94

Chapter 6 Teaching Reading

1 The aims of teaching reading98

2 The knowledge required for reading comprehension100

3 The interactive process of reading101

4 Methods of teaching reading103

Chapter 7 Teaching Writing

1 The role of writing in language learning162

2 The aims of teaching writing164

3 Approaches to teaching writing170

4 Techniques for teaching writing178

5 Correcting students'writing221

Chapter 8 Teaching Grammar

1 The status of grammar in English learning225

2 The grammar framework229

3 Presenting grammatical items232

4 Practising grammar245

5 Sentence analysis252

6 Error analysis257

Chapter 9 Teaching Vocabulary

1 The aims of learning vocabulary262

2 Issues concerning vocabulary teaching and learning265

3 Techniques for presenting word meaning268

4 Consolidating vocabulary274

5 Vocabulary and extensive reading278

Chapter 10 A Few Issues in English Teaching and Learning

1 Flexibility in teaching280

2 Cooperative learning283

3 Rote learning287