摘要

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Conceptualizations

1.2 Research questions

1.3 Significance

1.4 Organizational structure of this study

Notes

Chapter Two Previous Studies on Argumentative Discourse

2.1 Normative study of argument:rhetorical and dialectical perspectives

2.1.1 Classical argumentation study of ancient Greek:Aristotle's contribution

2.1.2 Toulmin's model

2.1.3 Informal logic movement

2.2 Normative pragmatics

2.2.1 Pragma-dialectics（4）

2.2.2 Conversational Argument:The Jackson-Jacobs Model

2.3 Descriptive study of argument

2.3.1 Content types of conflict talk（5）

2.3.2 Oppositional turn construction

2.3.3 Closing of conflict talk and conflict talk outcomes

2.4 Critical comments

Notes

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework

3.1 Discourse analysis

3.1.1 Definitions of discourse analysis

3.1.2 Approaches to discourse analysis

3.1.3 Conflict talk as a discourse

3.2 A Collaborative approach to this study：pragma-rhetoric

3.2.1 The marriage of pragmatics and rhetoric

3.2.2 Pragma-rhetoric approach to conflict talk

Notes

Chapter Four Research Procedure and Method

4.1 Data collection

4.2 Transcription conventions

4.3 Data analysis

4.4 Research method

Notes

Chapter Five Sequential Organization of Conflict Talk

5.1 An overview:sequence,sequential organization and sequentiality

5.2 Sequential organization of initiation

5.2.1 Assertion→dissent→dissent

5.2.2 Assertion→dissent→repeated assertion

5.2.3 Request→refusal→countering the response

5.2.4 Accusation→rejection→countering the response

5.3 Forms of opposition

5.3.1 Negation format

5.3.2 Opposing questions

5.3.2.1 Rhetorical opposing questions

5.3.2.2 Reason-asking question as an oppositional move

5.3.3 Substitution format

5.3.4 Tit-for-tat format

5.3.5 Multiple self-repetition format

5.4 Forms of termination

5.4.1 Concessions

5.4.2 Compromises

5.4.3 Frame-breaks

5.4.4 Withdrawal format

5.4.5 Third party intervention

Notes

Chapter Six Argumentation Analysis:Rhetorical Reasoning and Argumentation Structure

6.1 Reasoning as one of the central components of conflict talk

6.2 Forms of inductive reasoning

6.2.1 Arguing from analogy（1）

6.2.2 Arguing from cause or effect

6.2.3 Arguing from examples

6.3 Forms of deductive reasoning：syllogism and enthymeme

6.4 Forms of fallacies

6.4.1 Argumentum ad hominem

6.4.2 Argumentum ad baculum

6.5 Argumentation structure

6.5.1 Tree diagrams:top-down,bottom-up,and mixture

6.5.2 Single argumentation,multiple argumentation,coordinate argumentation and subordinate argumentation

Notes

Chapter Seven Strategies of Conflict Talk Management

7.1 Interpersonal rhetoric：politeness involved in conflict talk

7.2 Mitigated strategies

7.2.1 Agreement tokens

7.2.2 Hedges

7.2.3 Questions

7.3 Moderated strategies

7.3.1 Direct disagreement by opposition markers

7.3.2 Direct disagreement by substitution

7.4 Intensified strategies

7.4.1 Upgraders

7.4.2 Rhetorical question

7.4.3 Uncooperative interruption

7.5 Antagonized strategies

7.5.1 Verbal aggression

7.5.2 Paralinguistic aggression

7.5.3 Physical aggression

7.6 Frequency of the four kinds of strategies

7.7 Reconsidering disagreement as disPreferred act

Notes

Chapter Eight Types of Conflict Talk and Their Functions

8.1 Types of conflict talk

8.2 Constructive functions of non-aggressive conflict talk

8.2.1 Conflict talk as an inquiry mechanism

8.2.2 Conflict talk as an instrument of reflection

8.2.3 Conflict talk as a mechanism for working consensus

8.3 Destructive functions of aggressive conflict talk

8.3.1 Aggressiveness as instrument of venting negative feelings

8.3.2 Aggressiveness as instrument of getting power

Notes

Chapter Nine Conclusion

9.1 Summary of major findings

9.2 Contributions of this study

9.3 Limitations and future research directions

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

Appendix