1 Introduction to Materials

1.1 Materials and Material Science

1.1.1 How Is a Material Defined？

1.1.2 The Three Classes of Materials

1.1.3 Materials Properties

1.1.4 Use of Materials

1.1.5 Materials Science

1.2 Types of Materials

1.2.1 Metal

1.2.2 Ceramics and Glasses

1.2.3 Polymers

1.2.4 Composites

1.3 Structural Characteristic of Materials

1.3.1 Crystal Lattice

1.3.2 Crystallographic Indices

1.3.3 Anisotropy

1.4 Structure-property-processing Relationship

1.4.1 Properties

1.4.2 Structure

1.4.3 Processing

1.4.4 Structure-property-processing Interaction

Questions and Problems

References

2 Metallic Materials

2.1 Metals

2.2 Ferrous Metals

2.2.1 Ferrous Metals Group

2.2.2 Production ofIron

2.2.3 Production of Steel

2.2.4 Cast Iron Alloys

2.2.5 Steels

2.3 Nonferrous Metals

2.3.1 Introduction

2.3.2 Nonferrous Metals in Common Use

2.3.3 Titanium,Nickel,and Cobalt

2.3.4 Other Nonferrous Metals

2.4 The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metals

2.4.1 Mechanical Properties

2.4.2 Metals at Low Temperatures

2.4.3 Physical Properties

2.5 The Crystal Structure of Metals

2.5.1 Bonding of Metals

2.5.2 Metals and Nonmetals

2.5.3 Crystalline Unit Structures

2.6 Corrosion

Questions and Problems

References

3 Ceramic Materials

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Nature of Ceramics

3.2.1 Porosity and Density

3.2.2 Structure of Ceramics

3.2.3 Ceramic Phase Diagrams

3.3 Ceramic Processing

3.3.1 Traditional Processing

3.3.2 Advanced Ceramic Processing

3.4 Properties of Ceramics

3.4.1 Mechanical Properties

3.4.2 Physical Properties

3.4.3 Chemical Properties

3.4.4 Fabricability

3.4.5 Other Properties

3.4.6 Designing Ceramics

3.5 Applications of Ceramics

Questions and Problems

References

4 The Glass Sciences

4.1 The World of Glasses

4.1.1 Natural Glasses

4.1.2 Glass in Modem Times

4.1.3 Different Types of Glasses

4.2 Preparation Technologies of Glasses

4.2.1 Preparation of Glasses

4.2.2 Microwave Heating in Glass Preparation

4.2.3 Sol-gel Process

4.2.4 Chemical Nature of Glass Forming Materials

4.2.5 Structural Approach to Glass Formation

4.3 Structures and Properties of Glasses

4.3.1 Continuous Random Network Model

4.3.2 Random Close Packing Model

4.3.3 Bonding Theories

4.3.4 Kinetic Criteria for Glass Formation

4.3.5 Thermal Behaviour of Glasses

4.3.6 Physical Properties

4.3.7 Optical Properties

4.3.8 Chemical Stability

4.3.9 Electrical Nature of Glass

4.4 Applications of Glasses

4.4.1 Glass Products

4.4.2 Architectural Glass

4.4.3 Anti-solar Glass

4.4.4 Zero-expansion Transparent Glass Ceramics

4.4.5 Glass for Active-matrix Liquid-crystal Display Panels

4.4.6 Fibre Optics

4.4.7 Fine Particulates and Nano-glasses

4.5 Recent Topics of Optoelectronics Materials

4.5.1 Blue and Green Light Sources

4.5.2 Optical Switches

4.5.3 Optical Fibers

Questions and Problems

5 Cement and Concrete Materials

5.1 Portland Cement and Its Major Constituent Phases

5.1.1 Portland Cement General

5.1.2 Types ofPortland Cement

5.1.3 Cement Chemical Nomenclature and Other Abbreviations

5.2 Getting Acquainted with Concrete

5.2.1 Properties Desired in Fresh or Plastic Concrete

5.2.2 Properties Desired in Hardened Concrete

5.2.3 Properties ofConcrete

5.2.4 Variables That Influence Concrete Quality

5.2.5 Consumer Product Safety

5.3 Concrete:Strength and Behavior

5.3.1 Introduction

5.3.2 Uniaxial Behavior

5.3.3 Tension Strength

5.4 Uses of Concrete

5.4.1 Reinforced Concrete

5.4.2 Prestressed Concrete

5.4.3 Precast Concrete

5.4.4 Lightweight Concrete

5.4.5 Thin Shell

5.4.6 Shotclete

5.4.7 Construction with Prefabricated Concrete Units

5.5 New Type of Cement-based Materials

5.5.1 General

5.5.2 DSP Concretes

5.5.3 MDF Cements

Questions and Problems

References

6 Polymer Materials

6.1 Polymer and Nomenclature

6.1.1 Nomenclature Based on Source

6.1.2 Nomenclature Based on Structure(Non-IUPAC)

6.1.3 IUPAC Structure-based Nomenclature System

6.1.4 Trade Names and Nonnames

6.2 Polymer Synthesis

6.3 Structure-property Relations

6.3.1 General consideration

6.3.2 Control of Tm and Tg

6.3.3 Relation between Tm and Tg

6.4 Mechanical Properties of Elastomers,Fibers,and Plastics

6.4.1 Mechanical Proporties

6.4.2 Elastomers,Fibers,and Plastics

6.5 Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration

Questions and Problems

References

7 Composite Materials

7.1 An Overview of Composites

7.1.1 Introduction

7.1.2 Definition ofComposites

7.1.3 Materials ofConstruction

7.2 Surface Treatment of Reinforcing Materials

7.2.1 Cost Factor

7.2.2 Chemistry ofSurface Treatment and Interfacial Structure

7.3 Mechanical Property of Polymeric Composite

7.3.1 Introduction

7.3.2 Polymer Marx Composites

7.4 Smart Structural Composites

7.4.1 Cement-matrix Composites

7.4.2 Polymer-marx Composites

7.5 Framework for Nanocomposites

Questions and Problems

References