1 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Field Concept

1.3 Vector Analysis

1.4 Differential and Integral Formulations

1.5 Static Fields

1.6 Time-Varying Fields

1.7 Applications of Time-Varying Fields

1.8 Numerical Solutions

1.9 Further Study

2 VECTOR ANALYSIS

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Scalar and Vector Quantities

2.3 Vector Operations

2.3.1 Vector Addition

2.3.2 Vector Subtraction

2.3.3 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar

2.3.4 Product of Two Vectors

2.4 The Coordinate Systems

2.4.1 Rectangular Coordinate System

2.4.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System

2.4.3 Spherical Coordinate System

2.5 Scalar and Vector Fields

2.6 Differential Elements of Length,Surface,and Volume

2.6.1 Rectangular Coordinate System

2.6.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System

2.6.3 Spherical Coordinate System

2.7 Line,Surface,and Volume Integrals

2.7.1 The Line Integral

2.7.2 The Surface Integral

2.7.3 The Volume Integral

2.8 The Gradient of a Scalar Function

2.9 Divergence of a Vector Field

2.9.1 The Divergence Theorem

2.10 The Curl of a Vector Field

2.10.1 Stokes'Theorem

2.11 The Laplacian Operator

2.12 Some Theorems and Field Classifications

2.12.1 Green's Theorem

2.12.2 The Uniqueness Theorem

2.12.3 Classification of Fields

2.13 Vector Identities

2.14 Summary

2.15 Review Questions

2.16 Problems

3 ELECTROSTATICS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Coulomb's Law

3.3 Electric Field Intensity

3.3.1 Electric Field Intensity Due to Charge Distributions

3.4 Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

3.4.1 Definition of Electric Flux

3.4.2 Gauss's Law

3.5 The Electric Potential

3.6 Electric Dipole

3.7 Materials in an Electric Field

3.7.1 Conductors in an Electric Field

3.7.2 Dielectrics in an Electric Field

3.7.3 Semiconductors in an Electric Field

3.8 Energy Stored in an Electric Field

3.9 Boundary Conditions

3.9.1 The Normal Component of？

3.9.2 The Tangential Component of？

3.10 Capacitor and Capacitance

3.11 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations

3.12 Method of Images

3.13 Summary

3.14 Review Questions

3.15 Problems

4 STEADY ELECTRIC CURRENTS

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Nature of Current and Current Density

4.2.1 Conduction Current

4.2.2 Convection Current

4.2.3 Convection Current Density

4.2.4 Conduction Current Density

4.3 Resistance of a Conductor

4.4 The Equation of Continuity

4.5 Relaxation Time

4.6 Joule's Law

4.7 Steady Current in a Diode

4.8 Boundary Conditions for Current Density

4.9 Analogy Between ？ and ？

4.10 The Electromotive Force

4.11 Summary

4.12 Review Questions

4.13 Problems

5 MAGNETOSTATICS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Biot-Savart Law

5.3 Ampère's Force Law

5.4 Magnetic Torque

5.5 Magnetic Flux and Gauss's Law for Magnetic Fields

5.6 Magnetic Vector Potential

5.7 Magnetic Field Intensity and Ampere's Circuital Law

5.8 Magnetic Materials

5.8.1 Ferromagnetism

5.9 Magnetic Scalar Potential

5.10 Boundary Conditions for Magnetic Fields

5.10.1 Boundary Conditions for Normal Components of ？ Field

5.10.2 Boundary Conditions for Tangential Components of ？ Field

5.11 Energy in a Magnetic Field

5.12 Magnetic Circuits

5.13 Summary

5.14 Review Questions

5.15 Problems

6 APPLICATIONS OF STATIC FIELDS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Deflection of a Charged Particle

6.3 Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope

6.4 Ink-Jet Printer

6.5 Sorting of Minerals

6.6 Electrostatic Generator

6.7 Electrostatic Voltmeter

6.8 Magnetic Separator

6.9 Magnetic Deflection

6.10 Cyclotron

6.11 The Velocity Selector and the Mass Spectrometer

6.12 The Hall Effect

6.13 Magnetohydrodynamic Generator

6.14 An Electromagnetic Pump

6.15 A Direct-Current Motor

6.16 Summary

6.17 Review Questions

6.18 Problems

7 TIME-VARYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Motional Electromotive Force

7.2.1 General Expression for Motional emf

7.3 Faraday's Law of Induction

7.3.1 Induced emf Equation

7.4 Maxwell's Equation(Faraday's Law)

7.4.1 General Equations

7.5 Self-Inductance

7.6 Mutual Inductance

7.7 Inductance of Coupled Coils

7.7.1 Series Connection

7.7.2 Parallel Connection

7.8 Energy in a Magnetic Field

7.8.1 Single Coil

7.8.2 Coupled Coils

7.9 Maxwell's Equation from Ampère's Law

7.10 Maxwell's Equations from Gauss's Laws

7.11 Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions

7.11.1 Maxwell's Equations

7.11.2 The Constitutive Equations

7.11.3 Boundary Conditions

7.12 Poynting's Theorem

7.13 Time-Harmonic Fields

7.13.1 Maxwell's Equations in Phasor Form

7.13.2 Boundary Conditions in Phasor Form

7.13.3 Poynting Theorem in Phasor Form

7.14 Applications of Electromagnetic Fields

7.14.1 The Transformer

7.14.2 The Autotransformer

7.14.3 The Betatron

7.15 Summary

7.16 Review Questions

7.17 Problems

8 PLANE WAVE PROPAGATION

8.1 Introduction

8.2 General Wave Equations

8.3 Plane Wave in a Dielectric Medium

8.3.1 The Forward-Travelling Wave

8.3.2 The Backward-Travelling Wave

8.3.3 Boundless Dielectric Medium

8.4 Plane Wave in Free Space

8.5 Plane Wave in a Conducting Medium

8.6 Plane Wave in a Good Conductor

8.6.1 Surface Resistance

8.7 Plane Wave in a Good Dielectric

8.8 Polarization of a Wave

8.8.1 A Linearly Polarized Wave

8.8.2 An Elliptically Polarized Wave

8.8.3 A Circularly Polarized Wave

8.9 Normal Incidence of Uniform Plane Waves

8.9.1 Conductor-Conductor Interface

8.9.2 Dielectric-Dielectric Interface

8.9.3 Dielectric-Perfect Conductor Interface

8.9.4 Dielectric-Conductor Interface

8.10 Oblique Incidence on a Plane Boundary

8.10.1 Perpendicular Polarization

8.10.2 Parallel Polarization

8.11 Summary

8.12 Review Questions

8.13 Problems

9 TRANSMISSION LINES

9.1 Introduction

9.2 A Parallel-Plate Transmission Line

9.2.1 Parameters of a Parallel-Plate Transmission Line

9.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of a Parallel-Plate Transmission Line

9.3 Voltage and Current in Terms of the Sending-End and Receiving-End Variables

9.4 The Input Impedance

9.4.1 Quarter-Wavelength Line

9.4.2 Half-Wavelength Line

9.5 Reflections at Discontinuity Points Along Transmission Lines

9.6 Standing Waves in Transmission Lines

9.6.1 Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio

9.7 Impedance Matching with Shunt Stub

9.8 Transmission Lines with Imperfect Materials

9.8.1 Wave Equations

9.8.2 Voltage and Current Relationships

9.9 Transients in Transmission Lines

9.9.1 Transmission Line Equations in the Time Domain

9.9.2 Transient Response of a Lossless Transmission Line

9.9.3 Lattice Diagrams

9.10 Skin Effect and Resistance

9.11 Summary

9.12 Review Questions

9.13 Problems

10 WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITY RESONATORS

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Wave Equations in Cartesian Coordinates

10.3 Transverse Magnetic(TM)Mode

10.3.1 Operation Below Cutoff Frequency

10.3.2 Operation Above Cutoff Frequency

10.3.3 Power Flow in TM Mode

10.4 Transverse-Electric (TE)Mode

10.4.1 Operation Below Cutoff Frequency

10.4.2 Operation Above Cutoff Frequency

10.4.3 Power Flow in TE Mode

10.5 Losses in a Waveguide

10.5.1 Perfect Dielectric Medium with Finitely Conducting Walls

10.5.2 Imperfect Dielectric Medium with Perfectly Conducting Walls

10.6 Cavity Resonators

10.6.1 Transverse Magnetic(TM)Mode

10.6.2 Transverse Electric(TE)Mode

10.6.3 Quality Factor

10.7 Summary

10.8 Review Questions

10.9 Problems

11 ANTENNAS

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Wave Equations in Terms of Potential Functions

11.3 Hertzian Dipole

11.3.1 Near-Zone Fields

11.3.2 Radiation Fields

11.3.3 Radiation Resistance

11.3.4 Directive Gain and Directivity

11.4 A Magnetic Dipole

11.5 A Short Dipole Antenna

11.6 A Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

11.7 Antenna Arrays

11.8 Linear Arrays

11.9 Efficiency of an Antenna

11.10 Receiving Antenna and Friis Equation

11.11 The Radar System

11.11.1 Doppler Effect

11.12 Summary

11.13 Review Questions

11.14 Problems

12 COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Finite-Difference Method

12.2.1 Boundary Conditions

12.2.2 Iterative Solution of Finite-Difference Equations

12.3 Finite-Element Method

12.4 Method of Moments

12.5 Summary

12.6 Review Questions

12.7 Problems

APPENDIX A SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS

A.1 Introduction

A.2 Smith Chart

A.3 Determination of VSWR Using the Smith Chart

A.4 Admittance of an Impedance Using the Smith Chart

A.5 Impedance Matching with Shunt Stub Lines

APPENDIX B COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR VARIOUS PROBLEMS

APPENDIX C USEFUL MATHEMATICAL TABLES

INDEX