克原子gram atom

爱耳赘奇实验Eldridge experiment 1

摩尔mol

克分子gram molecule

名词目录

分子量molecular weight

分子molecule

分子物理学molecular physics

一　分子物理学

摩尔分子体积molar volume

大气压atmospheric pressure

分子运动论kinetic theory of molecule

标准大气压standard atmospheric pressure

标准状况standard ccndition

玻意耳定律Boyle's law

查理定律Charles'law

盖-吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac's law

克拉珀龙方程Clapeyron's equation

理想气体ideal gas

相变change of phase 5

范德瓦耳斯方程Van der Waals'equation

理想气体的物态方程equation of state for ideal gases

气体常数gas constant

玻耳兹曼常数Boltzmann constant

阿伏伽德罗定律Avogadro's law

洛喜密脱数Loschmidt number

分子数密度number density of molecule

分子密度molecular density

道耳顿分压定律Dalton's law of partial pressure

分子混沌molecular chaos

阿伏伽德罗数Avogadro's number

速度分布律distribution law of velocity

分子束molecular beam

最概然速率most probable speed

方均根速率root-mean-square speed

平均速率average speed

速率分布函数distribution function of speed

斯特恩实验Stern experiment

朗缪尔实验Langmuir experiment

能量均分定理theorem of equipartition of energy

自由度degree of freedom

多原子分子polyatomic molecule

双原子分子diatomic molecule

碰撞频率collision frequency

自由程free path

平均自由程mean free path

萨瑟兰公式Sutherland formula

萨瑟兰常数Sutherland constant

输运现象transport phenomena

气体的扩散现象diffusion phenomena in gas

扩散系数diffusion coefficient

斐克定律Fick's law

轫致辐射braking radiation；Bremsstrahlumg 1

内摩擦internal friction

热传导heat conduction

傅里叶定律Fourier's law

热传导系数coefficient of heat conduction

内摩擦系数coefficient of internal friction

粘滞性viscosity

牛顿粘滞定律Newton's law of viscosity

泊poise

真空泵vacuum pump

真空计vacuum gauge

压力计pressure gauge

气压计barometer

滑动效应slide effect

气体的吸收absorption of gas

气体的吸附adsorption of gas

热流逸thermal transpiration

温度突变temperature jump

涨落fluctuation

布朗运动Brownian movement

皮兰实验Perrin's experiment

无极分子nonpolar molecule

有极分子polar molecule

约翰孙噪声Johnson noise

分子结构molecular structure

肖脱基效应Schottky effect

散粒效应shot effect

热噪声thermo noise

分子间力intermolecular force

分子电流molecular current

化学亲合势chemical affinity

化学键chemical bond

分子磁体molecular magnet

范德瓦耳斯力Van der Waals'force

共价键covalent bond

原子键atomic bond

范德瓦耳斯键Van der Waals'bond

离子键ionic bond

金属键metallic bond

分子晶体molecular crystal

表面张力surface tension

渗透作用osmosis

分子的振动vibration of molecule

毛细现象capillarity

振动量子数vibrational quantum number

高激发态分子high excited molecule

分子的转动rotation of molecule

振动能级vibrational energy level

转动能级rotational energy level

转动量子数rotational quantum number

分子光谱molecular spectrum

分子的转动光谱molecular rotational spectrum

分子的振动光谱molecular vibrational spectrum

分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectrum

组合散射combination scattering

分子光谱的同位素移动isotope shift of molecular spectrum

激光分离同位素isotope separation by laser

多光子离解multiple photon dissociation

分子的离解能energy of molecular dissociation

分子天文学molecular astronomy

星际分子interstellar molecule

分子生物学molecular biology

生物大分子large biological molecule

高聚物high polymer

量子化学quantum chemistry

分子设计molecular design

永气体permanent gas

热平衡态equilibrium state

热力学第零定律zeroth law of thermodynamics

温度temperature

二 热学

测温质thermometric substance

测温性质thermometric property

温度计thermometer

温标thermometric scale

热力学温标thermodynamic scale

理想气体温标ideal gas'thermometric scale

华氏温标Fahrenheit's thermometric scale

列氏温标Reaumur's thermometric scale

经验温标empirical thermometric scale

摄氏温标Celsius'thermometric scale

开（开耳芬）K（Kelvin）

绝对温标absolute scale of temperature

负温度negative temperature

国际温标international scale of temperature

液体温度计liquid thermometer

气体温度计gas thermometer

热量quantity of heat

热质说caloric theory ofheat

热能thermal energy

热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat

量热术calorimetry

卡［路里］calorie

量热器calorimeter

大卡kilocalorie

热值calorific value

燃烧热heat of combustion

比热specific heat

定容比热specific heat at constant volume

定压比热specific heat at constant pressure

杜隆-珀替定律Dulong and Petit's law

定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure

定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume

摩尔原子热容gram atomic heat capacity

克分子热容molar heat capacity

摩尔热容molar heat capacity

热容量heat capacity

分子热molecular heat

原子热atomic heat

考普-诺埃曼定律Kopp-Neumann's law

膨胀系数coefficient of expansion

压强温度系数temperature coefficient of pressure

压缩系数compressibility

牛顿冷却定律Newton's law of cooling

运流convection

热管heat pipe

黑体black body

斯忒藩-玻耳兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann's law

辐射能radiant energy

热辐射thermal radiation

交换定律law of exchange

相phase

相图phase diagram

凝聚态state of coagulation

聚集态state of aggregation

凝聚相condensed phase

单相系homogeneous system

复相系heterogeneous system

相界phase boundary

相律phase rule

相变潜热latent heat of phase change

相平衡phase equilibrium

潜热latent heat

三相点triple point

凝固freezing

凝固点freezing point

升华sublimation

升华热heat of sublimation

熔解fusion

熔点fusion point

熔解热heat of fusion

凝结condensation

汽化热heat of vaporization

汽化vaporization

凝结核nuclei of condensation

凝结热heat of condensation

蒸发evaporation

蒸发热heat of evaporation

蒸气vapour

饱和汽saturated vapour

饱和蒸气压saturation pressure

过饱和汽supersaturated vapour

过热蒸气superheated vapour

过冷super-cooling

过热super-heating

相对湿度relative humidity

绝对湿度absolute humidity

湿度humidity

沸腾boiling

沸点boiling point

临界常数critical constant

临界温度critical temperature

临界压强critical pressure

临界体积critical volume

对比物态方程reduced equation of state

临界状态critical state

对比压强reduced pressure

焦耳-汤姆孙效应Joule-Thomson effect

对比体积reduced volume

对比温度reduced temperature

对应态corresponding state

对应态定理corresponding state theorem

转换温度inversion temperature

热力学thermodynamics

可逆过程reversible process

不可逆过程irreversible process

等温过程isothermal process

等温线isotherm

绝热过程adiabatic process

绝热曲线adiabatics

内能internal energy

泊松公式Poisson formula

绝热指数adiabatic exponent

理想气体的绝热方程adiabatic equation of ideal gas

热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics

第一种永动机perpetual motion machine of the first kind

赫斯定律Hesse's law

热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics

第二种永动机perpetual motion machine of the second kind

热寂说theory of heat death

热力学第三定律third law of thermodynamics

工程热物理学engineering thermophysics

原子物理atomic physics

原子atom

（一）总论

三 原子物理学

原子学说atomism

原子论atomic theory

原子常数atomic constant

周期表periodic table

周期律periodic law

原子序数atomic number

原子质量数atomic mass number

原子量atomic weight

原子质量atomic mass

原子半径atomic radius

原子单位atomic unit

原子质量换算因数atomic mass conversion factor

原子质量单位atomic mass unit

原子体积atomic volume

原子实atomic kcernel

原子有序化atomic ordering

原子频率atomic frequencies

原子阻止本领atomic stopping power

原子核atomic nucleus

电子electron

电子经典半径electron classical radius

价电子valence electron

自由电子free electron

外逸电子exoelectron

α粒子α-particle

同位素isotope

光量子light quantum

能量子quantum of energy

作用量子quantum of action

质谱仪mass-spectrometer

氘deuterium

重水heavy water;deuteroxide

仲氦parahelium

正氦orthohelium

正氢orthohydrogen

仲氢parahydrogen

放射性元素radioactive element

半衰期helf-period

人工放射性元素artificial radioactiveelement

天然放射性元素natural radioactive element

放射性同位素radioactive isotope

亚稳原子metastable atom

里德伯原子Rydberg atom

D原子D-atom

卢［瑟福］rutherford

约化质量reduced mass

玻尔原子Bohr atom

折合质量reduced mass

正电子positron

正子素Positronium

强子原子hadronic atom

奇特原子exotic atom

磁氢原子monopole hydrogen atom

电子偶electron pair

原子能atomic energy

核反应堆nuclear reactor

电子伏［特］electron-volt（eV）

（二）原子结构

原子模型atomic model

汤姆孙原子模型Thomson atomic model

卢瑟福实验Rutherford experiment

α粒子散射实验α-particles scattered experiment

云室cloud chamber

威耳孙云室Wilson cloud chamber

膨胀云室expansion cloud chamber

有效截面effective cross-section

扩散云室diffusion cloud chamber

玻尔假设Bohr postulates

原子的核式结构atomic nuclear-model structure

行星式原子模型planetary atom model

卢瑟福-玻尔原子模型Rutherford-Bohr atomic model

夫兰克-赫兹实验Franck-Hertz's experiment

激发电势excitation potential

电离电势ionization potential

共振电势resonance potential

中肯电势critical potential

玻尔理论Bohr theory

玻尔半径Bohr radius

能级energy level

电子轨道electron orbit

玻尔轨道Bohr orbit

玻尔频率规则Bohr's frequency condition

能级图energy level diagram

玻尔-索末菲理论Bohr-Sommerfeld theory

空间量子化space quantization

泡利不相容原理Pauli's exclusion principle

电子组态electron configuration

电子壳层electron shell

闭合壳层closed shell

简并度degeneracy

退化度degeneracy

电子云electronic cloud

空间简并化degeneration of space

（三）原子光谱

原子光谱atomic spectrum

定态stationary state

激发态excitation state

受激态excited state

亚稳态metastable state

对应原理correspondence principle

基态ground state

选择定则selection rule

跃迁过程transition process

容许跃迁allowable transition

禁戒跃迁forbidden transition

激发几率excitation probability

跃迁几率transition probability

禁线forbidden line

里兹组合原则Ritz combination principle

光谱项spectral term

巴耳末系Balmer series

赖曼系Lyman series

帕邢系Paschen series

布喇开系Brackett series

芬德系Pfund series

里德伯常数Rydberg constant

类氢离子hydrogen-like ion

皮克林系Pickering series

巴耳末公式Balmer formula

里德伯公式Rydberg's formula

主线系principal series

漫线系diffuse series

第一辅线系first subordinate series

锐线系sharp series

第二辅线系second subordinate series

伯格曼系Bergman series

基线系fundamental series

X单位X unit

X射线谱X-ray spectrum

X射线X rays

伦琴射线R？ntgen rays

碰撞辐射collision radiation

标识辐射characteristic radiation

莫塞莱定律Moseley's law

布喇格角Bragg angle

原子的f-曲线f-curve of the atom

原子形状因数atomic form factor

康普顿效应Compton effect

康普顿波长Compton wave-length

康普顿方程Compton equation

康普顿电子Compton electron

俄歇电子Auger electron

精细结构fine structure

反冲电子recoil electron

俄歇效应Auger effect

精细结构常数fine structure constant

超精细结构hyperfine structure

多重态multiplet

单一态singlet

双重态doublet

三重态triplet

复双重线composite doublet

复三重线composite triplet

电子自旋electron spin

斯特恩-革拉赫实验Stern-Gerlach experiment

多重群polyad

超多重线supermultiplet

玻尔磁子Bohr magneton

磁子magneton

塞曼效应Zeeman effect

正常塞曼效应normal Zeeman effect

反常塞曼效应anomalous Zeeman effect

帕邢-巴克效应Paschen-Back effect

磁光转变megneto-optical transition

斯塔克效应Stark effect

朗德因子Landé factor

g因子g-factor

原子的矢模型vector model of atom

原子时atomic time

原子钟atomic clock

原子频标atomic frequency scale