Chapter Ⅰ.Evolution of Banking and Fi-nancial Institutions Law

A.Introduction

B.Earlier Money and Banking

1.National Banks and Currency

2.Spread of Corporate Banking

C.Banking Development in the United States

1.First and Second Bank of the United States

2.Free Banking ERA

3.National Banking Act and the Dual Banking System

4.Federal Reserve System and the Great Depression

5.New Deal Reforms

6.World War Ⅱ Finance

7.Postwar Prosperity and Policies

D.Economic Strains and Electronic Finance

Chapter Ⅱ. Money and Banking

A.Money,Central Banking,and the Federal Reserve System

Table Ⅱ-1 Growth of U.S. Commercial Banking,1792-1995

1.Financial Beginnings and the Banks of the United States

2.Decentralized Banking,1837-1913

3.Civil War and the Dual Chartering System

4.Federal Reserve System,1913-32

a.Establishment of the Federal Re-serve

b.World WarⅠ and the Twenties

c.The Great Depression

5.New Deal Reforms and the Federal Reserve,1933-41

6.World War Ⅱ and Postwar Adjust-ments,1941-51

Chart Ⅱ-1 Monetary Policy Guidelines

7.Monetary and Economic Policy,1951-Present

a.Truman-Eisenhower,1951-60

b.Kennedy-Johnson,1961-68

c.Nixon-Ford,1969-76

d.Carter,1977-80

e.Reagan,1981-88

f.Bush

g.Clinton

h.Lessons for Policy

B.Guidelines and Constraints

1.Instruments of Monetary and Banking Policy

Chart Ⅱ-2 Monetary Instruments,Targets and Policy Goals

a.Open Market Operations

b.Reserve Requirements

c.Discount Rates

d.Credit Controls

2.Government Debt Policies,Deficits,and World Market

Chapter Ⅲ. Banking Market Regulation

Chart Ⅲ-1 Agency Supervision and Exami-nation Authority(partly over-lapping jurisdiction)

A.Chartering and Entry Requirements

Table Ⅲ-1 New Bank Charters,1935-1994

B.Bank Insurance and Supervision

Table Ⅲ-2 Bank Failures,FDIC Payoffs and Assumptions,1934-94

Chart Ⅲ-2 Balance Sheets for Banking In-stitutions

C.Bank Supervision and Preventing Failure

Chart Ⅲ-3 Income Statements(Cash Flow Accounts)for Banking Insti-tutions

D.Specific Limitations on Bauking Activities

1.Lending Limits

2.Bank Affiliate Transactions

3.Insider Lending

4.Borrowing Limits

5.Bribery,Fraud,and Extortion

6.Securities Marketing and Commercial Banking

7.Trust Accounts and Departments

8.Regulation of Interest on Deposit Ac-counts

9.Prohibition of Interest on Demand De-posits

10.Truth-in-Lending

11.Credit Cards and Electronic Banking

12.Fair Credit Reporting and Privacy

13.Discrimination in Credit

E.Constraints Upon Branching,Holding Companies and Mergers

1.Branching Laws

2.Bank Holding Companies

3.Bank Mergers

(b)Post-merger H between 1000 and 1800

(a)Post-merger H below 1000

(c)Post-merger H above 1800

4.EFT Access and Pricing

F.International Banking

1.U.S.Banking Abroad

2.Foreign Banks in the U.S.

3.Recent Controversy and Problems

Chapter Ⅳ. Thrift Institutions

Table Ⅳ-1 Development of U.S. Thrift In-stitutions:Mutual Savings Banks,Savings＆Loan Asso-ciations,and Credit Unions,1816-1995

A.Savings Bank Regulation

B.Savings and Loan Association Regulation

C.Inflation,Disintermediation and Crisis

D.Regulating Thrifts in Transition

E.Credit Union Regulation

A.Role of Securities Markets

Chapter Ⅴ. Securities Market Regula-tion

Chart Ⅴ-1 Financial Intermediation and Securities Markets

Table Ⅴ-1 U.S. Securities Facts

B.United States Securities Regulation Sys-tem

Chart Ⅴ-2 Securities Regulation System

1.Scope of Securities Regulation

2.Registration and Disclosure Process

3.Public Companies and Trading Limita-tions

4.Margin Trading Restrictions

C.Securities Exchanges and Trading

D.Regulation of Securities Firms

1.Underwriters and Investment Banking

2.Dealer-Broker Network and the NASD

3.Securities Investor Protection Corpo-ration

E.Investment Companies and Mutual Funds

Chapter Ⅵ. Insurance Regulation

A.Development of Insurance and Regulation

Table Ⅵ-1 U.S. Insurance Facts

Chart Ⅵ-1 Insurance Regulation System

B.Main Features of Insurance Regulation

1.Chartering,Entry and Licensing

2.Capital,Reserves and Solvency

3.Rate Making and Filings

5.Standard Contracts and Customer Protection

4.Financial Reporting

C.Socialized Risk Coverage

Table Ⅵ-2 Socialized Insurance

1.Shortcomings and Reforms

D.Possible Reforms and Federal Regulation

2.Federal Regulation

3.Banking and Insurance Controversies

Chapter Ⅶ. Pension Funds,Retire-ment Accounts and Social Security

Table Ⅶ-1 U.S. Pension Facts

A.Historical Development

B.Pension Plan and Funding Regulations

1.Participation and Vesting

2.Funding Requirements

3.Investment Regulation

4.Reporting and Disclosure

5.Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation

C.Individual Retirement Accounts

D.Social Security,Pensions and Funding Conflicts

Table Ⅶ-2 Social Security Taxes,Interest,Benefit Payments and Trust Fund Assets,1937-1994(mil-lions)

A.Current Controversies

Chapter Ⅷ. Controversies and Pros-pects

B.Government Deficits and Monetary Policy

C.International Banking and Finance Prob-lems

D.Restructuring Financial Markets

Table Ⅷ-1 U.S. Financial Intermediary As-sets,1929-1994

Chart Ⅷ-1 Traditional Market Participa-tion Among Financial Institu-tions

Chart Ⅷ-2 Potential Restructuring of Mar-ket Participation Among Fi-nancial Institutions

E.Changing Regulatory Organization and Framework

INDEX

INDEX