1 Origins and overview

2 Test specifications

3 Item writing and moderation

4 Pretesting and analysis

5 The training of examiners and administrators

6 Monitoring examiner reliability

7 Reporting scores and setting pass marks

8 Validation

9 Post-test reports

10 Developing and improving tests

11 Standards in language testing:the state of the art

Appendices

Glossary

Abbreviations and acronyms

Bibliography

Index

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