CHAPTER Ⅰ．The Simple Present of the Verb "to be"

1．Grammar

2．Verb Forms

3．Uses of the Simple Present Tense

4．The Simple Present of the Verb"to be"

a．Affirmative Statements

b．Questions

c．Negative Statements

d．Negative Questions

e．Tag Questions

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅱ．The Simple Present of Verbs Other than the Verb"to be"

1．The Formation of the Simple Present

a．The Simple Present of the Verb"to have"

2．Spelling Rules for Adding"s"in the Third Person Singular

a．Verbs Ending in"y"

b．Verbs Ending in"o"

c．Verbs Ending in"ch","s","sh","x",or"z"

3．Pronunciation of the"es"Ending

4．The Auxiliary"do"

a．Questions

b．Negative Statements

c．Negative Questions

d．Tag Questions

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅲ．The Present Continuous

1．Uses of the Present Continuous

2．Formation of the Present Continuous

3．Spelling Rules for the Formation of the Present Participle

a．Verbs Ending in a Silent"e"

b．Verbs Ending in"ie"

c．One-Syllable Verbs Ending in a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel

d．Verbs of More Than One Syll able Which End in a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel

4．Questions and Negative Statements

a．Questions

b．Negative Statements

c．Negative Questions

d．Tag Questions

5．Compari son of the Uses of the Simpl e Present and Present Continuous

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅳ．The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous

1．Use of the Present Perfect

2．Formation of the Present Perfect-Regular Verbs

3．Spelling Rules for Adding"ed"to Form the Past Participle

a．Verbs Ending in a Sil ent"e"

b．Verbs Ending in"y"

c．Verbs Endingin a Single Consonant Preceded by a Single Vowel

4．Pronunciation of the"ed"Ending

5．Formation of the Present Perfect-Irregular Verbs

6．Questions and Negative Statements

a．Questions

b．Negati ve Statements

c．Negative Questions

d．Tag Questions

7．The Present Perfect Continuous

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅴ．The Simple Past

1．Uses of the Simple Past

2．Formation of the Simple Past

a．The Verb"to be"

ⅰ．Questions and Negative Statements

b．Other Verbs

ⅰ．Questions and Negative Statements

3．The Simple Past of"to use"Followed by an Infinitive

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅵ．The Past Continuous,the Past Perfect,and the Past Perfect Continuous

1．Summary of the Uses of the English Tenses

2．The Past Continuous

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

3．The Past Perfect

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

4．The Past Perfect Continuous

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

5．Summary of the Formati on of the English Present and Past Tenses

6．Emphatic Statements

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅶ．The Future Tenses

1．The Simple Future

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

2．The Conjugation Expressing Determintion and Compulsion

3．The Present Continuous of"to go"Followed by an Infinitive

4．The Future Continuous

a．Use

b Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

5．The Future Perfect

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

6．The Future Perfect Continuous

a．Use

b．Formation

c．Questions and Negative Statements

7．Summary or the Formation of the English Future Tenses

8．Clauses

a．Coordinate Clauses

b．Subordinate Clauses

c．The Past Perfect and the Simple Past

d．The Use of the Present in Subordinate Clause to Express Future Actions

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅷ．Conjugations With the Auxiliary"Would"

1．Uses of the Auxniliary"Wouwld"

2．Formtion of Conjugations with the Auxiliary"Would"

a．The Simple Conjugation With the Auxiliaty"Would"

b．The Continuous Conjugation with the Auxiliary"Would"

c．The Perfect Conjugation with the Auxiliary"Would"

d．The Perfect Continuous Conjugation with the Auxiliary"Would"

3．Summary of the Formation of the Conjugations with the Auxiliary"Would"

4．The"Future in the Past"

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅸ．The Subjunctive

1．Uses of the Subjunctive

2．Formation of the Subjunctive

3．Formal Commands and Tequests

4．Wishes

a．An Earlier Time

b．The Same Time

c．A Later Time

d．Summary of the Forms of the Verb Usedin the Subordinate Clauses of Wishes

e．Use of the Auxil iary "Could" in Expressing Wishes

5．Conditions Which are False or Improbable

a．Forms of the Verb Used in the Main Clause

ⅰ．Actions Pertaining to the Present or the Future

ⅱ．Actions Pertaining to the Past

ⅲ．Summary of the Forms of the Verb Used　in the Main Clauses of Statements Containing False or Improbable Conditions

ⅳ．Use of the Auxiliary "Could" in Statements Containing False or Improbable Conditions

b．Forms of the Subjunctive Usedin the Subordinate Clause

ⅰ．Conditions Pertaining to the Present or the Future

ⅱ．Conditions Pertaining to the Past

ⅲ．Summary of the Forms of the Subjunctive Used in Subordinate Clauses Expressing False or Improbable Conditions

c．Changing a Statement Containing a Probable Condition into a Statement Containing an Improbable Condition

6．The Imperative Mood

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅹ．Modal Verbs

1．Formation of the Modal Conjugations

a．Questions

b．Negative Statements

c．Negative Questions

d．Tag Questions

2．Rel ationships Among the Modal Auxiliaries

3．"Can"and"Could"

4．"May","Might",and"Must"

5．"Should"

6．Expressions Which are Synonymous with the Modal Auxiliaries

a．The Pronunciation of"have to"

7．The Use of Auxiliaries in Tag Questions,Short Answers,and Ellipsis

a．Negative Tag Questions

b．Affirmative Tag Questions

c．Short Answers

d．Ellipsis

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅺ．Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

1．Direct Objects

2．"Lay"and"Lie","Raise"and"Rise",and"Set"and"Sit"

a．"To Lay"and"To Lie"

b．"To Raise"and"To Rise"

c．"To Set"and"To Sit"

3．Indirect Objects

Exercises

CHAPTER Ⅻ．The Passive Voice

1．Use of the Passive Voice

2．Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice

a．The Simple Present Indicative

b．The Other Indicative Tenses

c．Summary of the Formation of the Indicative Tenses of the Passive Voice

3．Questions and Negative Statements

a．Questions

b．Negative Statements

c．Negative Questions

4．Changing the Voice of a Verb

5．Changing the Voice of a Verb while Preserving the Meaning of a Sentence

a．Changing the Verb from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice

b．Changing the Verb from the Passive Voice to the Active Voice

c．Changing the Voice of a Verb which takes both a Direct Object and an Indirect Object

6．The Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice

a．Use of the Simple Present Subjunctive

b．Use of the Past Forms of the Subjunctive

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ．Nouns-The Formation of Plurals

1．Proper Nouns

2．Countable Nouns

3．The Formation of Plurals

a．Nouns Ending in"ch","s","sh","x",or"z"

b．Nouns Ending in"y"

c．Plurals of Proper Nouns

d．Nouns Ending in"f"or"fe"

e．Nouns Ending in"o"

f．Foreign Words

g．Hyphenated Nouns

h．Number's and Letters

i．Irregular Plurals

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ.Singular Countable Nouns

1．The Use of Determiners with Singul ar Countable Nouns

2．"A"and"An"

3．The Use of"A"and"An"Before Singul ar Countable Nouns

a．A Weakened Form of"One"

b．Naming a Profession

c．Making a General Statement

d．Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before

e．"A"or"An"with the Meaning of"Per"

4．The Use of"The"Before Singul ar Countable Nouns

a．Referring to Something Mentioned Before

b．Referring to Something Unique

c．Referring to Something Whenitis Considered Obvious What is Meant

d．Referring to Something as a Class

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ．Plural Countable Nouns

1．The Absence of a Determiner Before Plural Countable Nouns

a．Making a General Statement

b．Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before

c．Naming a Profession

2．The Use of "The" Before Pl ural Countabl e Nouns

a．Referring to Something Mentioned Before

b．Referring to Something Whenitis Considered Obvious What is Meant

c．Names of Nationalities

d．Adjectives Referring to Classes of People

3．The Use of"The"with Proper Nouns

a．Names of People

b．Names of Places

4．Nouns Used Only in the Plural

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ．Uncountabl e Nouns

1．The Absence of a Determiner Before Uncountable Nouns

a．Making a General Statement

b．Referring to Something Not Mentioned Before

2．The Use of"The"Before Uncountable Nouns

a．Referring to Something Mentioned Before

b．Referring to Something When it is Considered Obvious What is Meant

3．The Use of Uncountabl e Nouns to Refer to Individual Things

4．Nouns Which Can be Either Countable or Uncountable

a．Differencesin Meaning

b．Referring to a Type of Something

c．Referring to Places Used for Specific Activities

d．Names of Meals

5．Infinitives Usedin the Place of Nouns

6．Gerunds

7．Specific Verbs Followed by Infinitives and Gerunds

a．Verbs Followed by Infinitives

b．Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds

c．Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅦ．Nouns Indicating Possession and Compound Subjects

1．Waysin Which Possession is Indicated

a．The Ending's

b．The Ending s'

c．Phrases Beginning with"of"

d．Two Consecutive Nouns

2．Agreement of Verbs wi th Collective Nouns and Compound Subjects

a．Collective Nouns

b．Amounts Considered as a Whole

c．Compound Subjects

ⅰ．Compound Subjects with"And"

ⅱ．Compound Subjects with"Or"or"Nor"

d．Nouns Followed by Descriptive Phrases

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅧ．Personal Pronouns

1．The Subjective Case

2．Agreement of Personal Pronouns with Their Antecedents

a．Male and Female Antecedents

b．Singular and Plural Antecedents

c．Human and Non-Human Antecedents

3．Special Uses of "It"

4．The Objective Case

5．Possessive Personal Pronouns

a．Possessive Adjectives

ⅰ．Possessive Adjectives Used with Gerunds

b．Possessive Pronouns

6．Reflexive Pronouns

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅨ．Other Pronouns

1．Indefinite Pronouns

a．The Use of"One"in General Statements

2．Reciprocal Pronouns

3．Demonstrative Pronouns

4．Interrogative Pronouns

a．Direct Questions

b．The Pronoun"Who"

ⅰ．"Who"

ⅱ．"Whom"

ⅲ．"Whose"

c．"What"and"Which"

d．Indirect Questions

ⅰ．Interrogative Word as the Subject

ⅱ．Interrogative Word as the Object of a Verb or Preposition

ⅲ．The Verb"to be"

5．Relative Pronouns

a．Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses

ⅰ．Non-defining Relative Clauses

ⅱ．Defining Relative Clauses

b．"That"

c．"Which"

d．"Who","Whom",and"Whose"

e．Comparison of the Use of"That","Which",and"Who"

f．Other Relative Pronouns

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩ．Determiners

1．Determiners Used to Refer to Groups of Two Persons or Things

2．Determiners Used as Singul ar Pronouns

3．The Use of"No","None",and "Not"

4．The Use of"Some"and"Any"

5．The Use of"Another","Other","Others",and"Else"

6．The Use of"Only"

7．The Use of"Few","Little",and "Several"

8．The Expressions"Such...That","So...That",and"Too"

a．"Such...That"

b．"So...That"

c．"Too"

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅪ．Adjectives-Position in a Sentence

1．Proper Adjectives

2．Attri butive Adjectives

a．Order of Attributive Adjectives

ⅰ．Determiners

ⅱ．General Descri ptive Adjectives

ⅲ．Adjectives Indicating Color

ⅳ．Adjectives Indicating Materials

ⅴ．The Position of Proper Adjectives

ⅵ．Defining Adjectives

ⅶ．Ordinal Adjectives

b．Punctuation Used with Attri butive Adjectives

c．Stress Used with Attri butive Adjectives

ⅰ．Adjectives Indicating Materials

ⅱ．Defining Adjectives Indicating Location or Time

ⅲ．Defining Adjectives Indicating Purpose

3．Predicate Adjectives

a．Attributive Adjectives Which Can be Used as Predicate Adjectives

ⅰ．Order

ⅱ．Punctuation

b．Adjectives Which Can be Used Only as Predicate Adjectives

c．Linking Verbs

4．Interpol ated Adjectives

5．Adjectival Phrases and Clauses

6．Participles Used as Adjectives

a．Present Participles

b．Past Participles

c．Dangling Participles

d．Past Participles which Follow the Verb"to be"

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅫ．Adjectives-Comparison：Part Ⅰ

1．Positive Forms of Adjectives Preceded and Followed by"As"

a．The Positive Form Combined with a Noun

b．The Use of Ellipsis

c．The Use of the Subjective Case

2．Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Which Use Endings

a．Comparative Forms of Adjectives Which Use Endings

ⅰ．Spelling Rules

ⅱ．Irregul ar Adjectives

ⅲ．The Comparative Form Followed by"Than"

ⅳ．The Comparative Form Followed by a Noun，Followed by"Than"

ⅴ．The Use of Ellipsis

ⅵ．The Use of the Subjective Case

ⅶ．Progressi ve Comparisons

b．Superl ative Forms of Adjecti ves Which Use Endings

ⅰ．Spelling Rules

ⅱ．Irregul ar Adjectives

ⅲ．The Superl ative Form Preceded by"The"

ⅳ．The Use of Ellipsis

ⅴ．The Comparison of One of More Things With a Group

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅢ．Adjectives-Comparison：Part Ⅱ

1．Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives Which do Not Use Endings

a．Comparative Forms-The Use of"More"

ⅰ．The Comparative Form Followed by"Than"

ⅱ．Progressive Comparisons

b．The Use of"Less"

ⅰ．The Construction"Less...Than"

ⅱ．The Construction"Not As...As"

ⅲ．The Construction"Less and Less"

c．Superlative Forms

2．The Adjectives"Many","Much","Few",and"Little"Used to Compare Quantities

a．The Use of"Many","Much","Few",and"Little"with Countable and Uncountable Nouns

b．Synonyms for"Many"and"Much"

c．Positive Forms Used in Comparisons

d．Comparative Forms Used in Comparisons

e．Superlative Forms Usedin Comparisons

3．The Adjectives"Similar","Different",and"Same"Usedin Comparisons

4．Making Logical Comparisons

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅣ．Adverbs-Position in a Sentence

1．Adverbs Which Modify Adjectives and Other Adverbs

a．Intensifiers

2．Adverbs Which Modify Verbs

a．Adverbs of Frequency

b．Adverbs of Time

c．Adverbs of Manner

d．Connecting Adverbs

e．Adverb Phrases and Clauses of Purpose

f．Adverbs of Location

g．Negative Adverbs

3．Interrogative Adverbs

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅤ．Adverbs of Manner and Adverbs Used in Comparisons

1．Adverbs of Manner

a．Spelling Rules for Adding"ly"

ⅰ．Adjectives Ending in"ic"

ⅱ．Adjectives Ending in"le"

ⅲ．Adjectives Ending in"ll"

ⅳ．Adjectives Ending in"ue"

ⅴ．Adjectives Endingin"y"

b．Adverbs Which Do Not Use the Ending"ly"

c．The Di fferi ng Functi ons of Adjectives and Adverbs

ⅰ．Adjectives Which Modify Nouns and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs

ⅱ．Adjectives Which Modify Nouns and Adverbs Which Modifv Verbs

ⅲ．Predicate Adjectives Which Modify the Subjects of Verbs and Adverbs Which Modify Verbs

2．Adverbs Used in Comparisons

a．The Formation of Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adverbs

ⅰ．Adverbs Used With"More"and"Most"

ⅱ．Adverbs Used With the Endings"er"and"est"

ⅲ．Irregular Adverbs

b．Positive Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparisons

ⅰ．The Construction With"As...As"

ⅱ．Ellipsis

c．Comparative Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparisons

ⅰ．The Construction With"Than"

ⅱ．Progressive Comparisons

ⅲ．The Construction With"Less and Less"

ⅳ．The Construction With"The...,the..."

d．Superlative Forms of Adverbs Used in Comparisons

ⅰ．TheConstruction With"The"

ⅱ．The Construction With"The Least"

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅥ．Prepositions

1．The Meanings of Prepositions

2．Idioms Beginning With Prepositions

3．Nouns Followed by Prepositions

4．Adjectives,and Verbs in the Passive Voice,Followed by Prepositions

5．Verbs Followed by Prepositions

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅦ．Phrasal Verbs

1．Phrasal Verbs Consisting of a Verb Followed by a Preposition

a．The Position of the Object of the Preposition

b．The Position of an Adverb of Manner Modifying the Verb

c．Stress in Spoken English

d．Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object

2．Phrasal Verbs Consisting of a Verb Followed by an Adverb

a．The Position of the Object of the Verb

b．The Position of an Adverb of Manner Modifying the Verb

c．Stress in Spoken English

d．Ergative Verbs

3．Distinguishing Between Verbs Followed by Prepositions and Verbs Followed by Adverbs

4．Phrasal Verbs Consi sting of a Verb Followed by a Word Which Can Function Either as an Adverb or as a Preposition

a．Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object

5．Phrasal Verbs Consi sting of a Verb Followed by an Adverb Followed by a Preposition

a．Expressions in Which the Verb Has an Object

Exercises

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅧ．Conjunctions

1．Coordinate Conjunctions

2．Correlative Conjunctions

3．Subordinate Conjunctions

4．Connecting Adverbs

a．Stress and Punctuation

b．Connecting Adverbs Used to Connect Sentences

c．Position in a Clause

d．Examples of Connecting Adverbs

5．Parallel Construction

Exercises

Answers to the Exercises