前言

CONTENTS

Unit 1

List of Notions and Functions Describe general characteristics

Identify someone

Some more ways of describing and identifying people

List of Notions and Functions

Special characters

Special features

Describe special characteristics

Personal background

Warnings

Interrupted action

Sequence of events

Unit 2

Sequence of time

Narrate past events

Describe stages

Describe itineraries

Recall an interesting tour

Plan a journey

Contrast or concession

Waysof expressing con trast or concession

Request for repetition or echo questions

Unit 3

Formal and informalEnglish

Request and offer

Request

Informaland familiar ways of request

Polite waysof request

More polite forms of request

Informal request in written form

Offer

Delicate questions

Get people to be more precise

Echo questions/Request for repetition

Correct people

Informal style of English

Report“demand，directions，suggestions and command，etc．”

Formal and informal English

Unit 4

Ways of asking about and stating likes and dislikes

Likes（with additional details）

Dislikes

Some other ways of expressinglikes and dislikes

Sparetime

Preference and choice

Hypothetical meaning about the present and future

Hypothetical meaning about the past

Unit 5

Abilities and functions

Abilities about present and future time

Abilities about past time

Abilities plus achievement

Habitual or permanentabilities

Not knowing what to do

Functions of objects or places

Functions of instruments

Functions of objects

Functions in the human body

Functions of some professions or places

Habitual actions in the past

Remember with regret

Remember with pleasure

How to impress people

Unit 6

Exact places

Places for entertainment

Places you do things at

Location

Directions

Definite meaning

Indefinite meaning

Unit 7

Prediction+intention

Intentions，plans，hopes，etc．about the future

Present intentions about the future

Intentions，aims，or purposes of movements　or organizations

Fixed arrangement

Change of plans+reasons

Intentions unfulfilled+reasons

Failed ambitions+reasons

Aims or purposes

Prediction+intentionbasedoncondition

Insistence

Personal and impersonal style of English

Unit 8

Reasons and causes

Reasons

General ways of expressing reasons

The causes of your moods

The causes of your feelings

Causes

Causes of moods and feelings

Reaction

Causes of accidents or mishaps

Medical causes

Reasons and causes

Causes，reasons and effects

Effects

Sudden effects

Physical effects

Action and resnit/changes of state

Explanation：Formal and informal style

More formal ways of giving reasons

Emphatic reasons

Unit 9

Ask for and give opinions

Some ways of getting opinions

Some other ways of getting opinions

Give opinions and proposals

Agreement and disagreement

Agreement

Agreement with emphasis

Agreement with regret

Disagreement

Disagree in the way of questions

Polite disagreement

Report opinions and proposals

Argument for or against

Belief and supposition

Unit 10

Ways of making suggestions：Familiar ways

Some more ways of making suggestions

Report suggestions

Ways of giving advice

Advice on how to solve problems

Polite or tentative advice

Offer advice

Reject advice

Ask for advice

Report advice

Instructions

How to do things

Give and follow instructions

Report advice，suggestions，demand or insistence

Unit 11

Unreal conditions

Unreal conditions about present and future time

Unreal conditions about past time

Past possibilities

Hypothesis

Criticism

Wishes about present time

Wishes and regrets

Wishes about future time

Regrets

Missed opportunities

Degree and result

Cause and result

Unit 12

Vocabulary and expressions

Phrasal verbs

Special words