Ⅰ.THE ORIGIN OF PAGODAS

Ⅱ.DEVELOPMENT OF PAGODAS

Ⅲ.USES OF PAGODAS

Ⅳ.BUILDING MATERIALS USED DURING DIFFERENT HISTORICAL STAGES

Ⅴ.STRUCTURES OF PAGODAS

Ⅵ.TYPES OF ANCIENT PAGODAS

Multistorey Pagodas

Duobao Glazed Pagoda at the Summer Palace of Beijing

Jade Peak Pagoda on Jade Spring Hill near Beijing

Glazed Pagoda on Fragrant Hill of Beijing

Ivory Pagoda in the Palace Museum of Beijing

Duobao Pagoda at Liangxiang near Beijing

Liaodi Pagoda at Kaiyuan Temple in Dingzhou of Hebei Province

Wooden Pagoda at Tianning Temple in Zhengding of Hebei Province

Pagoda at Yunju Temple in Zhuozhou of Hebei Province

Sarira Pagoda at Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei Prov-ince

Glazed Pagoda at Xumifushou Temple in Chengde of Hebei Province

Sarira Pagoda in Jingxian County of Hebei Province

Twin Pagodas at Yongzuo Temple in Taiyuan of Shanxi Province

Sarira Shengsheng Pagoda at Jin Temple in Taiyuan of Shanxi Province

Pagodas Inside the Yungang Grottoes in Datong of Shanxi Province

Wooden Pagoda in Yingxian County of Shanxi Province

Feihong Pagoda in Hongtong County of Shanxi Prov-ince

Sarira Pagoda at Shengshou Temple in Ruicheng of Shanxi Province

Yingying Pagoda at Pujiu Temple in Yongji of Shanxi Province

Wanbuhuayanjing Pagoda in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

White Pagoda of Ancient Qingzhou in Bairin Right Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Duobao Buddhist Pagoda at Wangu Temple in Yongji of Shanxi Province

Longhua Pagoda in Shanghai

Pagoda at Xingshengjiao Temple in Songjiang County near Shanghai

Linggu Pagoda in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province

Sanzang Pagoda in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province

Ruins of Glazed Pagoda at Grand Bao'en Temple in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province

Stone Pagoda at Mulanyuan Temple in Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province

Wenfeng Pagoda in Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province

Cishou Pagoda at Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang of Jiangsu Province

Iron Pagoda at Ganlu Temple in Zhenjiang of Jiangsu Province

Sengjia Pagoda in Zhenjiang of Jiangsu Province

Ruiguang Pagoda in Suzhou of Jiangsu Province

Yunyan Temple Pagoda in Suzhou of Jiangsu Province

Square Pagoda at Chongjiao Xingfu Temple in Changshu of Jiangsu Province

Bao'en Temple Pagoda in Suzhou of Jiangsu Province

Twin Pagodas at Luohanyuan Temple in Suzhou of Jiangsu Province

Baochu Pagoda in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province

Pagoda of Six Harmonies in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province

Ruins of Leifeng Pagoda in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Prov-ince

Stone Pagodas at Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province

Pagoda at Asoka Temple in Ningbo of Zhejiang Prov-ince

Iron Pagoda at Yiwu of Zhejiang Province

Feiying Pagoda in Huzhou of Zhejiang Province

Zhenfeng Pagoda in Anqing of Anhui Province

Wenchang Pagoda in Jingde of Anhui Province

Changqing Temple Pagoda in Shexian County of Anhui Province

Xinghua Temple Pagoda in Mengcheng of Anhui Prov-ince

Chongmiao Baosheng Jianlao Pagoda in Fuzhou of Fujian Province

Qianfo Terra-cotta Pagodas in Fuzhou of Fujian Province

Dingguang Pagoda in Fuzhou of Fujian Province

Luoxing Pagoda in Fuzhou of Fujian Province

Sakya Buddhist Pagoda in Putian of Fujian Province

Twin Stone Pagodas at Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou of Fujian Province

Anping Bridge-End Pagoda in Jinjiang of Fujian Prov-ince

Gusao Pagoda in Jinjiang of Fujian Province

Sanfeng Temple Pagoda in Changle of Fujian Province

Red Pagoda in the Ancient Town of Fuliang of Jiangxi Province

Baofu Temple Pagoda in Shicheng of Jiangxi Province

Shuikou Pagoda in Ningdu of Jiangxi Province

Pizhi Pagoda at Lingyan Temple in Changqing of Shandong Province

Iron Pagoda at Chongjue Temple in Ji'ning of Shandong Province

Xingfu Temple Pagoda in Wuhan of Hubei Province

Mount Hong Pagoda in Wuhan of Hubei Province

Youguo Temple Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng of Henan Prov-ince

Xinglong Temple Pagoda in Yanzhou of Shandong Prov-ince

Wanshou Pagoda in Shashi City of Hubei Province

Iron Pagoda at Yuquan Temple in Dangyang of Hubei Province

Xiangshan Pagoda in Lingxian County of Hunan Prov-ince

Ornamental Pagoda at Liurong Temple in Guangzhou of Guangdong Province

East and West Iron Pagodas at Guangxiao Temple in Guang-zhou of Guangdong Province

Liuzu Hair Pagoda at Guangxiao Temple in Guangzhou of Guangdong Province

Fenghuang Pagoda in Chaozhou of Guangdong Prov-ince

Sizhou Pagoda in Huizhou of Guangdong Province

Sanyuan Pagoda in Haikang County of Guangdong Prov-ince

Duobao Pagoda on the North Mountain in Dazu of Sichuan Province

White Pagoda at Qutang Gorge in Fengjie County of Sichuan Province

Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an of Shaanxi Province

Famen Temple Pagoda in Fufeng County of Shaanxi Prov-ince

Pagoda for Liu Helun's Mantle and Alms Bowl at Louguan Terrace in Zhouzhi County of Shaanxi Province

Xuanzang Tomb Pagoda in Chang'an County of Shaanxi Province

Daqin Temple Pagoda in Zhouzhi County of Shaanxi Prov-ince

Botaihou Pagoda in Liquan County of ShaanxiProvince

Chongwen Pagoda in Jingyang of Shaanxi Province

Pagoda in Yan'an of Shaanxi Province

Kumarajiva Pagoda in Wuwei County of Gansu Prov-ince

Wooden Pagoda in Zhangye of Gansu Province

Haibao Pagoda in Yinchuan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Chengtian Temple Pagoda in Yinchuan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Zhenlong Pagoda in Urumqi of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Multi-Eaved Pagodas

Pagoda of Old Man Wansong at Xisi of Beijing

Divine Light Temple Sarira Pagoda at Badachu of Bei-jing

Cishou Temple Pagoda at Balizhuang of Beijing

Tianning Temple Pagoda in Beijing

Huazanghai Stone Pagoda on Jade Spring Hill in Bei-jing

Randeng Pagoda in Tongxian County of Beijing

Tomb Pagoda of Monk Jingwan in Fangshan County of Beijing

Bailin Temple Pagoda in Zhaoxian County of Hebei Prov-ince

Kaiyuan Temple Pagoda in Zhengding County of Hebei Province

Chengling Pagoda at Linji Temple in Zhengding County of Hebei Province

Yuanying Pagoda in Changli County of Hebei Province

Yuanjue Temple Pagoda in Hunyuan County of Shanxi Province

White Pagoda at Ningcheng of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

The Small Pagoda at Ningcheng of Inner Mongolia Auton-omous Region

The South Pagoda in Bairin Left Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Yunjie Temple Pagoda on Phoenix Hill in Chaoyang of Liaoning Province

White Pagoda in Liaoyang of Liaoning Province

The South and North Pagodas in Chaoyang of Liaoning Province

Jiafu Temple Pagoda in Yixian County of Liaoning Prov-ince

Zhenheshang Pagoda on Mount Qian of Liaoning Prov-ince

Twin Pagodas at Chongxing Temple in Beizhen County of Liaoning Province

White Pagoda at Baitayu in Xingcheng of Liaoning Prov-ince

Sarira Pagoda on Qixia Hill in Nanjing of Jiangsu Prov-ince

Stone Pagoda at Xiling Seal Engravers' Society in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province

Minor Longhu Pagoda in Licheng of Shandong Prov-ince

Songyue Temple Pagoda in Dengfeng of Henan Prov-ince

Fawang Temple Pagoda in Dengfeng of Henan Prov-ince

Qiyun Pagoda in Luoyang of Henan Province

Qizu Pagoda at Fengxue Temple in Ruzhou of Henan Prov-ince

Tianning Temple Pagoda in Anyang of Henan Prov-ince

Sakya Buddha Pagoda at Shita Temple in Qionglai of Si-chuan Province

Jiuzhou White Pagoda in Yibin of Sichuan Province

Zhengjue Temple Pagoda in Pengxian County of Sichuan Province

Baoguang Temple Pagoda in Xindu of Sichuan Prov-ince

Lingbao Pagoda in Leshan of Sichuan Province

West and East Temple Pagodas in Kunming of Yunnan Province

Qianxun Pagoda at Chongsheng Temple in Dali of Yunnan Province

Shegu Pagoda at Fotu Temple in Dali of Yunnan Prov-ince

Panfu Pagoda in Tonghai of Yunnan Province

Chongwen Pagoda in Jianshui of Yunnan Province

Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an of Shaanxi Province

Shan Dao Pagoda at Xiangji Temple in Chang'an County of Shaanxi Province

Sarira Pagoda at Xianyou Temple in Zhouzhi of Shaanxi Province

Pavilion-Style Pagodas

Pagoda of Tiandanshouyi at White Cloud Taoist Monastery of Beijing

Monk Fanzhou's Pagoda in Yuncheng of Shanxi Prov-ince

Simen(Four-Door)Pagoda in Licheng of Shandong Prov-ince

Zushi Pagoda at Foguang Temple in Wutai of Shanxi Prov-ince

Longhu Pagoda in Licheng of Shandong Province

Monk Huichong Pagoda at Lingyan Temple in Changqing of Shandong Province

Monk Jingzang Pagoda in Dengfeng of Henan Prov-ince

The Tang Dynasty Pagoda at Fawang Temple in Dengfeng of Henan Province

Xiuding Temple Pagoda in Anyang of Henan Province

Kumarajiva Pagoda at Caotang Temple in Huxian County of Shaanxi Province

Earthen Pagoda on Top of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang of Gansu Province

Laojuntang Cishi Pagoda in Dunhuang of Gansu Prov-ince

Ornamental Pagodas

Zhen'gang Pagoda at Changxindian of Beijing

Ornamental Pagoda at Tuoli in Fangshan County of Bei-jing

Sunlight and Moonlight Pagodas in Taiyuan of Shanxi Province

Monk Gaogong Pagoda at Foguang Temple in Wutai of Shanxi Province

Ornamental Pagoda at Guanghui Temple in Zhengding of Hebei Province

Xiude Pagoda at Quyang of Hebei Province

Ornamental Pagoda at Chengziwan in Dunhuang of Gansu Province

Inverted-Bowl-Style Lamaist Dago-bas

White Dagoba at Beihai Park in Beijing

White Dagoba at Miaoying Temple in Beijing

Gold Dagobas in the Palace Museum of Beijing

Sarira Dagoba at Tayuan Temple in Wutai of Shanxi Prov-ince

Yanshou Dagoba at Tanzhe Temple in Beijing

Manjusri's Hair Dagoba at Tayuan Temple in Wutai of Shanxi Province

White Marble Dagoba at Xilitu Temple in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

White Dagoba at Lianxing Temple in Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province

Shengxiang Dagoba in Wuhan of Hubei Province

Wenfeng Dagoba in Zhongxiang of Hubei Province

Chorten of the Fifth Dalai Lama in the Potala Palace in Lhasa of Tibet Autonomous Region

Chorten of the Tenth Bainqen Lama at Tashilhunpo Monas-tery in Xigaze of Tibet Autonomous Region

Tomb Pagoda for Taoist Priest Wang in Dunhuang of Gansu Province

Beigengqudeng Dagoba in Gyangze of Tibet Autonomous Region

Northern Liang Sculptured Small Stone Dagobas in Gansu Museum in Lanzhou

Labulun Temple Dagoba in Xiahe of Gansu Province

Dayin Dagoba at Ta'er Temple in Huangzhong of Qinghai Province

Ruyi Dagobas at Ta'er Temple in Huangzhong of Qinghai Province

Taiping Dagoba at Ta'er Temple in Huangzhong of Qinghai Province

Mo'er Buddhist Dagoba in Kashi of Xinjiang Uygur Auton-omous Region

Pagodas on Vajrasanas

Vajrasana Pagoda at Zhenjue Temple of Beijing

Qingjinghuayu Pagoda in Beijing

Miaogao Dagoba near Beijing

Pagoda on Vajrasana at Biyun Temple in Beijing

Five Lamaist Dagobas on the Brick Hall at Wannian Temple on Mount Emei of Sichuan Province

Multiple Pagodas on One Pedestal at Guangde Temple in Xiangyang of Hubei Province

Gold Dagoba on Vajrasana in Nanjing Museum of Jiangsu Province

Sarira Pagoda on Vajrasana at Cideng Temple in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Dagoba on Vajrasana at Yuanzhao Temple in Wutai of Shanxi Province

Vajrasana Dagoba in Pengxian County of Sichuan Prov-ince

Vajrasana Dagobas in Guandu near Kunming of Yunnan Province

Pagodas Across Streets and Pagoda Gateways

Pagoda Base Across the Road at Juyong Pass near Bei-jing

Red,Green,Black and White Pagoda Gateway at Puning Temple in Chengde of Hebei Province

Five-Pagoda Gateway at Putuozongcheng Temple in Chengde of Hebei Province

Street Dagoba on Mount Yuntai in Zhenjiang of Jiangsu Province

Wanshou Temple Sarira Stupa in Guilin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Dagoba Gate to Ta'er Temple in Huangzhong of Qinghai Province

Box-Shaped Pagodas for Keeping Buddhist Sutras

Miniature Carved Wooden Sarira Pagoda at Asoka Temple in Ningbo of Zhejiang Province

Gilded Pagoda Preserved at the Museum of Anhui Province in Hefei

Box-Shaped Stone Pagodas Carved with Buddhist Scriptures at Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou of Fujian Province

Duobao Pagoda at Puji Temple on Mount Putuo of Zhejiang Province

Box-Shaped Pagodas Inscribed with Buddhist Scriptures at Kaiyuan Temple in Chaozhou of Guangdong Prov-ince

Taizang Pagoda in Turpan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Ancient Pagodas of Other Styles

North Pagoda at Yunju Temple in Beijing

Guanyin Temple White Pagoda in Jixian County of Tian-jin

Copper Pagodas at Xiantong Temple in Wutai of Shanxi Province

Wanfotang Tube Pagoda in Yixian County of Liaoning Province

Putong Pagoda at Jile Temple in Harbin of Heilongjiang Province

Spherical Pagoda at Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou of Fujian Province

Watchtower-Shaped Pagoda in Licheng of Shandong Prov-ince

Jiuding Pagoda in Licheng of Shandong Province

Po Pagoda in Kaifeng of Henan Province

Wenbi Pagoda in Jianshui of Yunnan Province

Shubao Pagodas in Mangshi of Yunnan Province

Dajin Dagobas at Zhele Temple in Ruili of Yunnan Prov-ince

Huayan Copper Pagoda at Baoguo Temple on Mount Emei of Sichuan Province

White Pagoda in Dayao of Yunnan Province

Guang Minaret at Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou of Guangdong Province

Manfeilong White Pagodas in Jinghong of Yunnan Prov-ince

White Pagoda on Baita Mountain in Lanzhou of Gansu Province

Sugong Minaret in Turpan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Pagoda Forests

Yinshan Pagoda Forest at Changping of Beijing

Pagoda Forest at Lingyan Temple in Changqing of Shandong Province

Pagoda Forest at Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng of Henan Province

Tang Dynasty Tomb Pagodas at Fawang Temple in Deng-feng of Henan Province

One Hundred Eight Dagobas in Qingtongxia in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Ⅶ.INDEX

Distribution of China's Major Ancient Pagodas