1 Introduction

1．1 About you…

1．2 What is stylistics?

1．3 Some debates about the methods and purpose of stylistics

1．4 The background to the study of language and literature

1．5 The purpose of this book

1．6 The structure of this book

Preface by Haliday

王宗炎序

导读

2 Sound and metre in peefry

2．1 Introduction

2．2 Sound patterning

2．2．1 Examples of sound patterning

2．2．2 Sounds versus letters

2．2．3 Syllable structure and sound patterning

Acknowledgements

2．2．4 Different forms of sound patterning

2．3 Stress and metrical patterning

2．3．1 Word stress

2．3．2 Stress in longerunits

2．3．3 Analysing metre

2．3．4 Different types of feet

2．3．5 Different types of metre

2．4 Conventiomal forms of metre and sound

2．5 The poetic functions of sound and metre

2．6 Analysis of poetry: checklist

Suggestions for furtherreading

3 Grammar and literary style

3．1 Introdwction

3．2 What is grammar?

3．3 Attitudes to grammar: prescription and description

3．4 Two levels of grammar: morphology and syntax

3．5 Word classes

3．5．1 Identifying word classes

3．5．2 Open and closed classwords

3．6．1 The noun phrase

3．6 Describing noun and verb phrases

3．6．2 The verb phrase

3．6．3 Non-finite verb phrases

3．7 Describing sentences

3．7．1 Simple and complex sentences

3．8 Foregrounding and grammatical form

3．9 Analysis of grammar: checklist

Suggestions for further reading

4 Meaning

4．2 Semantics

4．1 Introduction

4．2．1 Gaps and overlaps

4．2．2 Opposites

4．2．3 Hyponyms and superordinates

4．3 Context

4．3．1 Deixis

4．3．2 Homonyms

4．3．3 Other similar texts/discourses

4．3．4 Your prior knowledge

4．4 Register

4．5 Literal language and figurative language

4．5．1 Similes

4．5．2 Metaphor

4．5．3 Simile versus metaphor

4．5．4 Explicit and embedded metaphors

4．5．5 Types of metaphor

4．5．6 Metonymy

4．5．7 Synecdoche

4．6．1 New ideas or areas of knowledge

4．6 Metaphor and language change

4．6．2 Abstract ideas made concrete

4．7 Functions of figurative language use

4．8 Analysis of meaning: checklist

Suggestions for further reading

5 Stylistic applications to drama

5．1 Introduction

5．1．1 The significance of context

5．1．2 Drama on film

5．2 How should we analyse drama?

5．2．2 Drama as fiction

5．2．1 Drama as poetry

5．2．3 Drama as conversation

5．3 Differences between speech and writing

5．3．1 Pauses and pause fillers

5．3．2 Unclear speech

5．3．3 Repetition and recycling

5．3．4 Turn-taking

5．3．5 Back channel support

5．3．7 Discourse cohesion

5．3．6 Discourse markers

5．4 Analysing dramatic language

5．4．1 Turn quantity and length

5．4．2 Exchange sequences

5．4．3 Production errors

5．4．4 The cooperative principle

5．4．5 Speech acts

5．4．6 Presuppositions

5．4．7 Status marked through language

5．4．8 Register

5．4．9 Speech and silence-female characters in plays

5．5 Analysis of dramatic texts: checklist

Suggestions for further reading

6 From classic realism to modernism and postmodernism

6．1 Introduction

6．2 Literary perspectives on realist texts

6．3 The emergence of realism

6．4 Stylistic characteristics of realist texts

6．4．1 The omniscient narrator

6．4．2 Representation of place

6．4．3 Representation of Dialogue

6．4．4 Representation of time

6．4．5 Realism in other fictional genres

6．5 After classic realism

6．6 The origins of modernism

6．7 Stylistic characteristics of modernist texts

6．7．1 Language as a substance in its own right

6．7．2 Departure from conventional literary structures

6．7．3 Collage and allusion

6．8 The origins of postmodernism

6．7．4 Register

6．9 Stylistic characteristics of postmodernist texts

6．9．1 Language as a free-floating entity

6．9．2 Loss of narrative closure

6．9．3 Parody and pastiche

6．9．4 The and of cultural hierarchy

6．9．5 All stories have been told before

6．9．6 Self-feferentiality

6．9．7 Irony and humour

6．10 The function of style in fiction

6．11 Analysis of fiction: checklist

Suggestions for further reading

7 Style in popular texts

7．1 Introdnction

7．2 Exploiting patterns in sound and meaning: headline texts

7．3 Lexical creativity

7．4 Targeting the reader

7．4．1 Direct address in media texts

7．4．3 Presupposition in advertising

7．4．2 Addressing the listener

7．5 Reference and deixis

7．5．1 Deixis in advertising

7．5．2 Deixis in spoken media discourse

7．6 Transferring meaning: metaphors in advertising

7．7 Analysis of popular texts: checklist

Suggestions for further reading

8 Theory and style: next steps

8．1 Overview

8．2 Linguistics and literary criticism

8．3 Texts and the reader

8．4 Texts as discourse

8．5 Critical text analysis

8．6 Theory and practice: some further questions

8．7 Conclusions

Suggested answers to activities

Glossary

References

Bibliography

Index

文库索引