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1．1 WHY STUDY DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
1．2 DATA COMMUNICATION
Components
1．3 NETWORKS
Distributed Processing
Network Criteria
Applications
1．4 PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS
Protocols
Standards
1．5 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
Standards Creation Committees
Forums
Regulatory Agencies
1．6 STUCTURE OF THE BOOK
1．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
1．8 SUMMARY
Review Questions
1．9 PRACTICE SET
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts
Point-to Point
2．1 LINE CONFIGURATION
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts
2．2 TOPOLOGY
Multipoint
Mesh
Tree
Star
Bus
Ring
2．3 TRANSMISSION MODE
Hybrid Topologies
Half-Duplex
Full-Duplex
Simplex
2．4 CATEGORIES OF NETWORKS
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
2．5 INTERNETWORKS
2．6 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
2．7 SUMMARY
2．8 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 3 The OSI Model
3．1 THE MODEL
Layered Architecture
Chapter 3 The OSI Model
3．2 FUNCTIONS OF THE LAYERS
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Summary of Layer Functions
3．3 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
3．4 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
3．5 SUMMARY
3．6 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 4 Signals
4．1 ANALOG AND DIGITAL
Chapter 4 Signals
4．2 PERIODIC AND APERIODIC SIGNALS
Analog and Digital Signals
Analog and Digital Data
Periodic Signals
Aperiodic Signals
Simple Analog Signals
4．3 ANALOG SIGNALS
4．4 TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS
4．5 COMPOSITE SIGNALS
Frequency Spectrum and Bandwidth
4．6 DIGITAL SIGNALS
Decomposition of a Digital Signal
4．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
4．8 SUMMARY
4．9 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 5 Encoding and Modulating
Chapter 5 Encoding and Modulating
Unipolar
5．1 DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
Polar
Bipolar
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
5．2 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Sampling Rate
How Many Bits per Sample?
Bit Rate
5．3 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION
Aspects of Digital-to-Analog Conversion
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
Bit/Baud Comparison
5．4 ANALOG-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Phase Modulation (PM)
5．5 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
5．6 SUMMARY
5．7 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 6 Transmission of Digital Data: Interfaces and Modems
6．1 DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION
Chapter 6 Transmission of Digital Data: Interfaces and Modems
Parallel Transmission
Serial Transmission
6．2 DTE-DCE INTERFACE
Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE)
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
Standards
EIA-232 Interfac
6．3 OTHER INTERFACE STANDARDS
EIA-449
EIA-530
X.21
6．4 MODEMS
Transmission Rate
Modem Standards
6．5 56K MODEMS
Traditional Modems
56K Modems
Downloading
6．6 CABLE MODEM
Why Only 56 Kbps?
6．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Uploading
6．8 SUMMARY
6．9 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 7 Transmission Media
Chapter 7 Transmission Media
7．1 GUIDED MEDIA
Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber
7．2 UNGUIDED MEDIA
Radio Frequency Allocation
Propagation of Radio Waves
Terrestrial Microwave
Satellite Communication
Cellular Telephony
7．3 TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT
Attenuation
Distortion
Noise
7．4 PERFORMANCE
Throughput
Propagation Speed
Propagation Time
7．5 WAVELENGTH
7．6 SHANNON CAPACITY
7．7 MEDIA COMPARISON
7．8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
7．9 SUMMARY
7．10 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 8 Multiplexing
8．1 MANY TO ONE/ONE TO MANY
Chapter 8 Multiplexing
8．2 FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM)
8．3 WAVE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM)
8．4 TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)
Inverse Multiplexing
8．5 MULTIPLEXING APPLICATION: THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM
Common Carrier Services and Hierarchies
Analog Services
Digital Services
8．6 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL)
ADSL
RADSL
HDSL
SDSL
VDSL
8．7 FTTC
FTTC in the Telephone Network
FTTC in the Cable TV Network
8．8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
8．9 SUMMARY
Review Questions
8．10 PRACTICE SET
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 9 Error Detection and Correction
9．1 TYPES OF ERRORS
Single-Bit Error
Chapter 9 Error Detection and Correction
Burst Error
9．2 DETECTION
Redundancy
9．3 VERTICAL REDUNDANCY CHECK (VRC)
9．4 LONGITUDINAL REDUNDANCY CHECK (LRC)
9．5 CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC)
Performance
9．6 CHECKSUM
9．7 ERROR CORRECTION
Single-Bit Error Correction
Hamming Code
Burst Error Correction
9．8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
9．9 SUMMARY
9．10 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 10 Data Link Control
Chapter 10 Data Link Control
10．1 LINE DISCIPLINE
ENQ/ACK
Poll/Select
10．2 FLOW CONTROL
Stop-and-Wait
Sliding Window
10．3 ERROR CONTROL
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
Stop-and-Wait ARQ
Sliding Window ARQ
10．4 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
10．5 SUMMARY
10．6 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 11 Data Link Protocols
Chapter 11 Data Link Protocols
11．1 ASYNCHRONOUS PROTOCOLS
XMODEM
BLAST
Kermit
YMODEM
ZMODEM
11．2 SYNCHRONOUS PROTOCOLS
11．3 CHARACTER-ORIENTED PROTOCOLS
Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC)
BSC Frames
Data Transparency
11．4 BIT-ORIENTED PROTOCOLS
HDLC
Frames
More about Frames
Examples
11．5 LINK ACCESS PROCEDURES
LAPB
LAPD
LAPM
11．6 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
11．7 SUMMARY
11．8 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
12．1 PROJECT 802
Chapter 12 Local Area Networks
Chapter 12 Local Area Networks
IEEE 802.1
MAC
Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
LLC
12．2 ETHERNET
Access Method: CSMA /CD
Addressing
Electrical Specification
Frame Format
Implementation
Switched Ethernet
12．3 OTHER ETHERNET NETWORKS
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
12．4 TOKEN BUS
12．5 TOKEN RING
Access Method: Token Passing
Addressing
Electrical Specification
Frame Formats
Implementation
12．6 FDDI
Access Method: Token Passing
Addressing
Electrical Specification
Frame Format
Implementation: Physical Medium Dcpendent (PMD) Layer
12．8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
12．7 COMPARISON
12．9 SUMMARY
12．10 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 13 Metropolitan Area Networks
Chapter 13 Metropolitan Area Networks
13．1 IEEE 802.6 (DQDB)
Access Method: Dual Bus
Distributed Queues
Ring Configuration
Operation: DQDB Layers
Implementation
13．2 SMDS
SMDS Architecture
Features
13．3 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
13．4 SUMMARY
13．5 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 14 Switching
Chapter 14 Switching
14．1 CIRCUIT SWITCHING
Space-Division Switches
Time-Division Switches
TDM Bus
Space-and Time-Division Switching Combinations
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
14．2 PACKET SWITCHING
Datagram Approach
Virtual Circuit Approach
Circuit-Switched Connection versus Virtual-Circuit Connection
14．3 MESSAGE SWITCHING
14．4 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
14．5 SUMMARY
14．6 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 15 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
15．1 TRANSITION STATES
Chapter 15 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Physical Layer
15．2 PPPLAYERS
Data Link Layer
LCP Packets
15．3 LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL (LCP)
Options
15．4 AUTHENTICATION
PAP
CHAP
15．5 NETWORK CONTROL PROTOCOL (NCP)
IPCP
Other Protocols
15．6 AN EXAMPLE
15．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
15．8 SUMMARY
15．9 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 16 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
16．1 SERVICES
Bearer Services
Chapter 16 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Teleservices
Supplementary Services
16．2 HISTORY
Voice Communication over Analog Networks
Voice and Data Communication over Analog Networks
Analog and Digital Services to Subscribers
Integrated Digital Network (IDN)
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
16．3 SUBSCRIBER ACCESS TO THE ISDN
B Channels
D Channels
H Channels
User Interfaces
Functional Grouping
Reference Points
16．4 THE ISDN LAYERS
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
16．5 BROADBAND ISDN
Services
Physical Specifications
16．6 FUTURE OF ISDN
16．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
16．8 SUMMARY
16．9 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 17 X.25
Chapter 17 X.25
17．1 X.25 LAYERS
Physical Layer
Frame Layer
Packet Layer
PLP Packets
X.121 Protocol
Triple-X Protocols
17．2 OTHER PROTOCOLS RELATED TO X.25
17．3 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
17．4 SUMMARY
17．5 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 18 Frame Relay
18．1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 18 Frame Relay
Advantages
Disadvantages
18．2 FRAME RELAY OPER ATION
Role of Frame Relay
Virtual Circuits
DLCIs Inside the Network
Switches
18．3 FRAME RELAY LAYERS
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
18．4 CONGESTION CONTROL
Congestion Avoidance
Discarding
18．5 LEAKY BUCKET ALGORITHM
18．6 TRAFFIC CONTROL
Access Rate
Committed Burst Size
Committed Information Rate
Excess Burst Size
User Rate
18．7 OTHER FEATURES
Extended Address
FRADs
VOFR
LMI
18．8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
18．9 SUMMARY
18．10 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 19 ATM
19．1 DESIGN GOALS
Chapter 19 ATM
Packet Networks
Mixed Network Traffic
Cell Networks
Asynchronous TDM
19．2 ATM ARCHITECTURE
Virtual Connection
Identifiers
Cells
Connection Establishment and Relcase
19．3 SWITCHING
VP Switch
VPC Switch
19．4 SWITCH FABRICS
Crossbar Switch
Knockout Switch
Banyan Switch
Batcher-Banyan Switch
19．5 ATM LAYERS
Application Adaptation Layer (AAL)
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
19．6 SERVICE CLASSES
Quality of Service (Qos)
Traffic Descriptors
19．7 ATM APPLICATIONS
ATM WANs
ATM LANs
19．8 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
19．9 SUMMARY
19．10 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 20 SONET/SDH
Chapter 20 SONET/SDH
20．1 SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SIGNALS
20．2 PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION
SONET Devices
Sections, Lines, and Paths
20．3 SONET LAYERS
Photonic Layer
Section Layer
Line Layer
Device-Layer Relationships
Path Layer
20．4 SONET FRAME
Frame Format
Section Overhead
Line Overhead
Path Overhead
Virtual Tributaries
Types of VTs
20．5 MULTIPLEXING STS FRAMES
ATM Convergence to SONET/SDH
20．6 APPLICATIONS
20．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
20．8 SUMMARY
20．9 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 21 Networking and Internetworking Devices
Chapter 21 Networking and Internetworking Devices
21．1REPEATERS
Not an Amplifier
21．2 BRIDGES
Types of Bridges
Birdges Connecting Different LANs
21．3 ROUTERS
Routing Concepts
21．4 GATEWAYS
21．5 OTHER DEVICES
Multiprotocol Routers
Brouters
Switches
Routing Switches
21．6 ROUTING ALGORITHMS
21．7 DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING
Sharing Information
Routing Table
21．8 LINK STATE ROUTING
Information Sharing
The Dijkstra Algorithm
21．9 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
21．10 SUMMARY
21．11 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 22 Transport Layer
Chapter 22 Transport Layer
22．1 DUTIES OF THE TRANSPORT LAYER
End-to-End Delivery
Addressing
Reliable Delivery
Flow Control
Multiplexing
22．2 CONNECTION
Connection Establishment
Connection Termination
22．3 THE OSI TRANSPORT PROTOCOL
Transport Classes
Transport Protocol Data Unit (TPDU)
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
22．4 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
22．5 SUMMARY
22．6 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 23 Upper OSI Layers
23．1 SESSION LAYER
Chapter 23 Upper OSI Layers
Session and Transport Interaction
Synchronization Points
Session Protocol Data Unit
23．2 PRESENTATION LAYER
Translation
Encryption/Decryption
Authentication
Data Compression
23．3 APPLICATION LAYER
Message Handling System (MHS)
File Transfer, Access, and Management (FTAM)
Virtual Terminal (VT)
Directory Services (DS)
Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)
23．4 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
23．5 SUMMARY
23．6 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 24 TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Part 1
Chapter 24 TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Part 1
24．1 OVERVIEW OF TCP/IP
TCP/IP and the Internet
TCP/IP and OSI
Encapsulation
24．2 NETWORK LAYER
Internetwork Protocol (IP)
24．3 ADDRESSING
Classes
Dotted-Decimal Notation
Nodes with More Than One Address
A Sample Internet
24．4 SUBNETTING
Three Levels of Hierarchy
Masking
Finding the Subnetwork Address
24．5 OTHER PROTOCOLS IN THE NETWORK LAYER
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Message Protocol (ICMP)
24．6 TRANSPORT LAYER
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
24．7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
24．8 SUMMARY
24．9 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Chapter 25 TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Part 2, Application Layer
Chapter 25 TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Part 2, Application Layer
25．1 CLIENT-SERVER MODEL
Client
Server
BOOTP
DHCP
25．2 BOOTSTRAP PROTOCOL (BOOTP) AND DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP)
25．3 DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
DNS in the Internet
25．4 TELNET
Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)
25．5 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
25．6 TRIVIAL FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (TFTP)
25．7 SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL (SMTP)
User Agent (UA)
Addresses
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)
Post Office Protocol (POP)
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
25．8 SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP)
Concept
SMI
MIB
SNMP
25．9 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP)
HTTP Transaction
Messages
Request Messages
Response Message
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Hypertext And Hypermedia
Browser Architecture
25．10 WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Static Documents
HTML
Dynamic Documents
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
Active Documents
Java
25．11 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
25．12 SUMMARY
25．13 PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Exercises
Appendix A ASCII Code
Appendix A ASCII Code
Appendix B Numbering Systems and Transformation
Appendix B Numbering Systems and Transformation
B．1 NUMBERING SYSTEMS
Decimal Numbers
Binary Numbers
Octal Numbers
Hexadecimal Numbers
B．2 TRANSFORMATION
From Other Systems to Decimal
From Decimal to Other Systems
From Binary to Octal or Hexadecimal
From Octal or Hexadecimal to Binary
Appendix C Representation of Binary Numbers
Appendix C Representation of Binary Numbers
C．1 UNSIGNED NUMBERS
C．2 SIGNED NUMBERS
Sign-and-Magnitude
One s Complement
Two s Complement
Finding the Complement
C．3 MORE ABOUT ONE S COMPLEMENT
Adding Two Numbers
Appendix D Fourier Analysis
Appendix D Fourier Analysis
D．1 FOURIER SERIES
D．2 FOURIER TRANSFORM
Appendix E Hardware Equipment for Error Detection
E．1 ELECTRONIC DEVICES
XOR Gate
Appendix E Hardware Equipment for Error Detection
Shift Register
NOT Gate
E．2 VERTICAL REDUNDANCY CHECK (VRC)
VRC Generator
VRC Checker
E．3 LONGITUDINAL REDUNDANCY CHECK (LRC)
LRC Generator
LRC Checker
E．4 CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC)
The CRC Generator
The CRC Checker
Appendix F Huffman Encoding
Appendix F Huffman Encoding
F．1 CHAPACTER TREE
F．2 ASSIGNING THE CODES
F．3 DECODING
Appendix G LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) Compression Method
Appendix G LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) Compression Method
G．1 COMPRESSION
Dictionary
Buffer
Compression Algorithm
Example of Compression
G．2 DECOMPRESSION
Dictionary
Buffers
Decompression Algorithm
Decompression Example
Appendix H Next Generation of TCP/IP Protocol Suite: IPv6 and ICMPv6
Appendix H Next Generation of TCP/IP Protocol Suite: IPv6 and ICMPv6
H．1 IPv6
IPv6 Addresses
IPv6 Packet Format
H．2 ICMPv6
Appendix I Spanning Tree
I．1 SPANNING TREES AND BRIDGES
Appendix I Spanning Tree
Algorithm
Forming the Spanning Tree
Example
I．2 SPANNING TREES AND MULTICAST ROUTING
References
References
Glossary
Glossary
Index
Index
