1 Introduction

1.1 Getting Started

1.2 Standards and Portability

1.2.1 ISO C

1.2.2 POSIX(The Portable Operating System Interface)

1.2.3 Berkeley Unix

1.2.4 SVID(The System V Interface Description)

1.2.5 XPG(The X/Open Portability Guide)

1.3 Using the Library

1.3.1 Header Files

1.3.2 Macro Definitions of Functions

1.3.3 Reserved Names

1.3.4 Feature Test Macros

1.4 Roadmap to the Manual

2 Error Reporting

2.1 Checking for Errors

2.2 Error Codes

2.3 Error Messages

3 Memory Allocation

3.1 Dynamic Memory Allocation Concepts

3.2 Dynamic Allocation and C

3.3 Unconstrained Allocation

3.3.1 Basic Storage Allocation

3.3.2 Examples of malloc

3.3.3 Freeing Memory Allocated with malloc

3.3.4 Changing the Size of a Block

3.3.5 Allocating Cleared Space

3.3.6 Efficiency Considerations for malloc

3.3.7 Allocating Aligned Memory Blocks

3.3.8 Malloc Tunable Parameters

3.3.9 Heap Consistency Checking

3.3.10 Storage Allocation Hooks

3.3.11 Statistics for Storage Allocation with malloc

3.3.12 Summary of malloc-Related Functions

3.4 Allocation Debugging

3.4.1 How to install the tracing functionality

3.4.2 Example program excerpts

3.4.3 Some more or less clever ideas

3.4.4 Interpreting the traces

3.5 Obstacks

3.5.1 Creating Obstacks

3.5.2 Preparing for Using Obstacks

3.5.3 Allocation in an Obstack

3.5.4 Freeing Objects in an Obstack

3.5.5 Obstack Functions and Macros

3.5.6 Growing Objects

3.5.7 Extra Fast Growing Objects

3.5.8 Status of an Obstack

3.5.9 Alignment of Data in Obstacks

3.5.10 Obstack Chunks

3.5.11 Summary of Obstack Functions

3.6 Automatic Storage with Variable Size

3.6.1 alloca Example

3.6.2 Advantages of alloca

3.6.3 Disadvantages of alloca

3.6.4 GNU C Variable-Size Arrays

4 Character Handling

4.1 Classification of Characters

4.2 Case Conversion

4.3 Character class determination for wide characters

4.4 Notes on using the wide character classes

4.5 Mapping of wide characters

5 String and Array Utilities

5.1 Representation of Strings

5.2 String and Array Conventions

5.3 String Length

5.4 Copying and Concatenation

5.5 String/Array Comparison

5.6 Collation Functions

5.7 Search Functions

5.8 Finding Tokens in a String

5.9 Encode Binary Data

5.10 Argz and Envz Vectors

5.10.1 Argz Functions

5.10.2 Envz Functions

6 Character Set Handling

6.1 Introduction to Extended Characters

6.2 Overview about Character Handling Functions

6.3 Restartable Multibyte Conversion Functions

6.3.1 Selecting the conversion and its properties

6.3.2 Representing the state of the conversion

6.3.3 Converting Single Characters

6.3.4 Converting Multibyte and Wide Character Strings

6.3.5 A Complete Multibyte Conversion Example

6.4 Non-reentrant Conversion Function

6.4.1 Non-reentrant Conversion of Single Characters

6.4.2 Non-reentrant Conversion of Strings

6.4.3 States in Non-reentrant Functions

6.5 Generic Charset Conversion

6.5.1 Generic Character Set Conversion Interface

6.5.2 A complete iconv example

6.5.3 Some Details about other iconv Implementations

6.5.4 The iconv Implementation in the GNU C library

6.5.4.1 Format of'gconv-modules'files

6.5.4.2 Finding the conversion path in iconv

6.5.4.3 iconv module data structures

6.5.4.4 iconv module interfaces

7 Locales and Internationalization

7.1 What Effects a Locale Has

7.2 Choosing a Locale

7.3 Categories of Activities that Locales Affect

7.4 How Programs Set the Locale

7.5 Standard Locales

7.6 Accessing Locale Information

7.6.1 localeconv:It is portable but

7.6.1.1 Generic Numeric Formatting Parameters

7.6.1.2 Printing the Currency Symbol

7.6.1.3 Printing the Sign of a Monetary Amount

7.6.2 Pinpoint Access to Locale Data

7.7 A dedicated function to format numbers

8 Message Translation

8.1 X/Open Message Catalog Handling

8.1.1 The catgets function family

8.1.2 Format of the message catalog files

8.1.3 Generate Message Catalogs files

8.1.4 How to use the catgets interface

8.1.4.1 Not using symbolic names

8.1.4.2 Using symbolic names

8.1.4.3 How does to this allow to develop

8.2 The Uniforum approach to Message Translation

8.2.1 The gettext family of functions

8.2.1.1 What has to be done to translate a message?

8.2.1.2 How to determine which catalog to be used

8.2.1.3 User influence on gettext

8.2.2 Programs to handle message catalogs for gettext

9 Searching and Sorting

9.1 Defining the Comparison Function

9.2 Array Search Function

9.3 Array Sort Function

9.4 Searching and Sorting Example

9.5 The hsearch function

9.6 The tsearch function

10 Pattern Matching

10.1 Wildcard Matching

10.2 Globbing

10.2.1 Calling glob

10.2.2 Flags for Globbing

10.2.3 More Flags for Globbing

10.3 Regular Expression Matching

10.3.1 POSIX Regular Expression Compilation

10.3.2 Flags for POSIX Regular Expressions

10.3.3 Matching a Compiled POSIX Regular Expression

10.3.4 Match Results with Subexpressions

10.3.5 Complications in Subexpression Matching

10.3.6 POSIX Regexp Matching Cleanup

10.4 Shell-Style Word Expansion

10.4.1 The Stages of Word Expansion

10.4.2 Calling wordexp

10.4.3 Flags for Word Expansion

10.4.4 wordexp Example

10.4.5 Details of Tilde Expansion

10.4.6 Details of Variable Substitution

11 Input/Output Overview

11.1 Input/Output Concepts

11.1.1 Streams and File Descriptors

11.1.2 File Position

11.2 File Names

11.2.1 Directories

11.2.2 File Name Resolution

11.2.3 File Name Errors

11.2.4 Portability of File Names

12 Input/Output on Streams

12.1 Streams

12.2 Standard Streams

12.3 Opening Streams

12.4 Closing Streams

12.5 Simple Output by Characters or Lines

12.6 Character Input

12.7 Line-Oriented Input

12.8 Unreading

12.8.1 What Unreading Means

12.8.2 Using ungetc To Do Unreading

12.9 Block Input/Output

12.10 Formatted Output

12.10.1 Formatted Output Basics

12.10.2 Output Conversion Syntax

12.10.3 Table of Output Conversions

12.10.4 Integer Conversions

12.10.5 Floating-Point Conversions

12.10.6 Other Output Conversions

12.10.7 Formatted Output Functions

12.10.8 Dynamically Allocating Formatted Output

12.10.9 Variable Arguments Output Functions

12.10.10 Parsing a Template String

12.10.11 Example of Parsing a Template String

12.11 Customizing printf

12.11.1 Registering New Conversions

12.11.2 Conversion Specifier Options

12.11.3 Defining the Output Handler

12.11.4 printf Extension Example

12.11.5 Predefined printf Handlers

12.12 Formatted Input

12.12.1 Formatted Input Basics

12.12.2 Input Conversion Syntax

12.12.3 Table of Input Conversions

12.12.4 Numeric Input Conversions

12.12.5 String Input Conversions

12.12.6 Dynamically Allocating String Conversions

12.12.7 Other Input Conversions

12.12.8 Formatted Input Functions

12.12.9 Variable Arguments Input Functions

12.13 End-Of-File and Errors

12.14 Text and Binary Streams

12.15 File Positioning

12.16 Portable File-Position Functions

12.17 Stream Buffering

12.17.1 Buffering Concepts

12.17.2 Flushing Buffers

12.1 7.3 Controlling Which Kind of Buffering

12.18 Other Kinds of Streams

12.18.1 String Streams

12.18.2 Obstack Streams

12.18.3 Programming Your Own Custom Streams

12.18.3.1 Custom Streams and Cookies

12.18.3.2 Custom Stream Hook Functions

12.19 Formatted Messages

12.19.1 Printing Formatted Messages

12.19.2 Adding Severity Classes

12.19.3 How to use fmtmsg and addseverity

13 Low-Level Input/Output

13.1 Opening and Closing Files

13.2 Input and Output Primitives

13.3 Setting the File Position of a Descriptor

13.4 Descriptors and Streams

13.5 Dangers of Mixing Streams and Descriptors

13.5.1 Linked Chanuels

13.5.2 Independent Channels

13.5.3 Cleaning Streams

13.6 Fast Scatter-Gather I/O

13.7 Memory-mapped I/O

13.8 Waiting for Input or Output

13.9 Synchronizing I/O operations

13.10 Perform I/O Operations in Parallel

13.10.1 Asynchronous Read and Write Operations

13.10.2 Getting the Status of AIO Operations

13.10.3 Getting into a Consistent State

13.10.4 Cancellation of AIO Operations

13.10.5 How to optimize the AIO implementation

13.11 Control Operations on Files

13.12 Duplicating Descriptors

13.13 File Descriptor Flags

13.14 File Status Flags

13.14.1 File Access Modes

13.14.2 Open-time Flags

13.14.3 I/O Operating Modes

13.14.4 Getting and Setting File Status Flags

13.15 File Locks

13.16 Interrupt-Driven Input

13.17 Generic I/O Control operations

14 File System Interface

14.1 Working Directory

14.2 Accessing Directories

14.2.1 Format of a Directory Entry

14.2.2 Opening a Directory Stream

14.2.3 Reading and Closing a Directory Stream

14.2.4 Simple Program to List a Directory

14.2.5 Random Access in a Directory Stream

14.2.6 Scanning the Content of a Directory

14.2.7 Simple Program to List a Directory,Mark II

14.3 Working with Directory Trees

14.4 Hard Links

14.5 Symbolic Links

14.6 Deleting Files

14.7 Renaming Files

14.8 Creating Directories

14.9 File Attributes

14.9.1 The meaning of the File Attributes

14.9.2 Reading the Attributes of a File

14.9.3 Testing the Type of a File

14.9.4 File Owner

14.9.5 The Mode Bits for Access Permission

14.9.6 How Your Access to a File is Decided

14.9.7 Assigning File Permissions

14.9.8 Testing Permission to Access a File

14.9.9 File Times

14.9.10 File Size

14.10 Making Special Files

14.11 Temporary Files

15 Pipes and FIFOs

15.1 Creating a Pipe

15.2 Pipe to a Subprocess

15.3 FIFO Special Files

15.4 Atomicity of Pipe I/O

16 Sockets

16.1 Socket Concepts

16.2 Communication Styles

16.3 Socket Addresses

16.3.1 Address Formats

16.3.2 Setting the Address of a Socket

16.3.3 Reading the Address of a Socket

16.4 Interface Naming

16.5 The Local Namespace

16.5.1 Local Namespace Concepts

16.5.2 Details of Local Namespace

16.5.3 Example of Local-Namespace Sockets

16.6 The Internet Namespace

16.6.1 Internet Socket Address Formats

16.6.2 Host Addresses

16.6.2.1 Internet Host Addresses

16.6.2.2 Host Address Data Type

16.6.2.3 Host Address Functions

16.6.2.4 Host Names

16.6.3 Internet Ports

16.6.4 The Services Database

16.6.5 Byte Order Conversion

16.6.6 Protocols Database

16.6.7 Internet Socket Example

16.7 Other Namespaces

16.8 Opening and Closing Sockets

16.8.1 Creating a Socket

16.8.2 Closing a Socket

16.8.3 Socket Pairs

16.9 Using Sockets with Connections

16.9.1 Making a Connection

16.9.2 Listening for Connections

16.9.3 Accepting Connections

16.9.4 Who is Connected to Me?

16.9.5 Transferring Data

16.9.5.1 Sending Data

16.9.5.2 Receiving Data

16.9.5.3 Socket Data Options

16.9.6 Byte Stream Socket Example

16.9.7 Byte Stream Connection Server Example

16.9.8 Out-of-Band Data

16.10 Datagram Socket Operations

16.10.1 Sending Datagrams

16.10.2 Receiving Datagrams

16.10.3 Datagram Socket Example

16.10.4 Example of Reading Datagrams

16.11 The inetd Daemon

16.11.1 inetd Servers

16.11.2 Configuring inetd

16.12 Socket Options

16.12.1 Socket Option Functions

16.12.2 Socket-Level Options

16.13 Networks Database

17 Low-Level Terminal Interface

17.1 Identifying Terminals

17.2 I/O Queues

17.3 Two Styles of Input:Canonical or Not

17.4 Terminal Modes

17.4.1 Terminal Mode Data Types

17.4.2 Terminal Mode Functions

17.4.3 Setting Terminal Modes Properly

17.4.4 Input Modes

17.4.5 Output Modes

17.4.6 Control Modes

17.4.7 Local Modes

17.4.8 Line Speed

17.4.9 Special Characters

17.4.9.1 Characters for Input Editing

17.4.9.2 Characters that Cause Signals

17.4.9.3 Special Characters for Flow Control

17.4.9.4 Other Special Characters

17.4.10 Noncanonical Input

17.5 Line Control Functions

17.6 Noncanonical Mode Example

17.7 Pseudo-Terminals

17.7.1 Allocating Pseudo-Terminals

17.7.2 Opening a Pseudo-Terminal Pair

18 Mathematics

18.1 Predefined Mathematical Constants

18.2 Trigonometric Functions

18.3 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

18.4 Exponentiation and Logarithms

18.5 Hyperbolic Functions

18.6 Special Functions

18.7 Pseudo-Random Numbers

18.7.1 ISO C Random Number Functions

18.7.2 BSD Random Number Functions

18.7.3 SVID Random Number Function

18.8 Is Fast Code or Small Code preferred?

19 Arithmetic Functions

19.1 Floating Point Numbers

19.2 Floating-Point Number Classification Functions

19.3 Errors in Floating-Point Calculations

19.3.1 FP Exceptions

19.3.2 Infinity and NaN

19.3.3 Examining the FPU status word

19.3.4 Error Reporting by Mathematical Functions

19.4 Rounding Modes

19.5 Floating-Point Control Functions

19.6 Arithmetic Functions

19.6.1 Absolute Value

19.6.2 Normalization Functions

19.6.3 Rounding Functions

19.6.4 Remainder Functions

19.6.5 Setting and modifying single bits of FP values

19.6.6 Floating-Point Comparison Functions

19.6.7 Miscellaneous FP arithmetic functions

19.7 Complex Numbers

19.8 Projections,Conjugates,and Decomposing of Complex

19.9 Integer Division

19.10 Parsing of Numbers

19.10.1 Parsing of Integers

19.10.2 Parsing of Floats

19.11 Old-fashioned System V number-to-string functions

20 Date and Time

20.1 Processor Time

20.1.1 Basic CPU Time Inquiry

20.1.2 Detailed Elapsed CPU Time Inquiry

20.2 Calendar Time

20.2.1 Simple Calendar Time

20.2.2 High-Resolution Calendar

20.2.3 Broken-down Time

20.2.4 Formatting Date and Time

20.2.5 Convert textual time and date information back

20.2.5.1 Interpret string according to given format

20.2.5.2 A user-friendlier way to parse times and dates

20.2.6 Specifying the Time Zone with TZ

20.2.7 Functions and Variables for Time Zones

20.2.8 Time Functions Example

20.3 Precision Time

20.4 Setting an Alarm

20.5 Sleeping

20.6 Resource Usage

20.7 Limiting Resource Usage

20.8 Process Priority

21 Non-Local Exits

21.1 Introduction to Non-Local Exits

21.2 Details of Non-Local Exits

21.3 Non-Local Exits and Signals

22 Signal Handling

22.1 Basic Concepts of Signals

22.1.1 Some Kinds of Signals

22.1.2 Concepts of Signal Generation

22.1.3 How Signals Are Delivered

22.2 Standard Signals

22.2.1 Program Error Signals

22.2.2 Termination Signals

22.2.3 Alarm Signals

22.2.4 Asynchronous I/O Signals

22.2.5 Job Control Signals

22.2.6 Operation Error Signals

22.2.7 Miscellaneous Signals

22.2.8 Signal Messages

22.3 Specifying Signal Actions

22.3.1 Basic Signal Handling

22.3.2 Advanced Signal Handling

22.3.3 Interaction of signal and sigaction

22.3.4 sigaction Function Example

22.3.5 Flags for sigaction

22.3.6 Initial Signal Actions

22.4 Defining Signal Handlers

22.4.1 Signal Handlers that Return

22.4.2 Handlers That Terminate the Process

22.4.3 Nonlocal Control Transfer in Handlers

22.4.4 Signals Arriving While a Handler Runs

22.4.5 Signals Close Together Merge into One

22.4.6 Signal Handling and Nonreentrant Functions

22.4.7 Atomic Data Access and Signal Handling

22.4.7.1 Problems with Non-Atomic Access

22.4.7.2 Atomic Types

22.4.7.3 Atomic Usage Patterns

22.5 Primitives Interrupted by Signals

22.6 Generating Signals

22.6.1 Signaling Yourself

22.6.2 Signaling Another Process

22.6.3 Permission for using kill

22.6.4 Using kill for Communication

22.7 Blocking Signals

22.7.1 Why Blocking Signals is Useful

22.7.2 Signal Sets

22.7.3 Process Signal Mask

22.7.4 Blocking to Test for Delivery of a Signal

22.7.5 Blocking Signals for a Handler

22.7.6 Checking for Pending Signals

22.7.7 Remembering a Signal to Act On Later

22.8 Waiting for a Signal

22.8.1 Using pause

22.8.2 Problems with pause

22.8.3 Using sigsuspend

22.9 Using a Separate Signal Stack

22.10 BSD Signal Handling

22.10.1 BSD Function to Establish a Handler

22.10.2 BSD Functions for Blocking Signals

23 Process Startup and Termination

23.1 Program Arguments

23.1.1 Program Argument Syntax Conventions

23.1.2 Parsing Program Arguments

23.2 Parsing program options using getopt

23.2.1 Using the getopt function

23.2.2 Example of Parsing Arguments with getopt

23.2.3 Parsing Long Options with getopt_long

23.2.4 Example of Parsing Long Options with getopt_long

23.3 Parsing Program Options with Argp

23.3.1 The argp_parse Function

23.3.2 Argp Global Variables

23.3.3 Specifying Argp Parsers

23.3.4 Specifying Options in an Argp Parser

23.3.4.1 Flags for Argp Options

23.3.5 Argp Parser Functions

23.3.5.1 Special Keys for Argp Parser Functions

23.3.5.2 Functions For Use in Argp Parsers

23.3.5.3 Argp Parsing State

23.3.6 Combining Multiple Argp Parsers

23.3.7 Flags for argp_parse

23.3.8 Customizing Argp Help Output

23.3.8.1 Special Keys for Argp Help Filter Functions

23.3.9 The argp_help Function

23.3.10 Flags for the argp_help Function

23.3.11 Argp Examples

23.3.11.1 A Minimal Program Using Argp

23.3.11.2 A Program Using Argp with Only Default Options

23.3.11.3 A Program Using Argp with User Options

23.3.11.4 A Program Using Multiple Combined Argp Parsers

23.3.12 Argp User Customization

23.3.12.5 Parsing of Suboptions

23.3.13 Parsing of Suboptions Example

23.4 Environment Variables

23.4.1 Environment Access

23.4.2 Standard Environment Variables

23.5 Program Termination

23.5.1 Normal Termination

23.5.2 Exit Status

23.5.3 Cleanups on Exit

23.5.4 Aborting a Program

23.5.5 Termination Internals

24 Processes

24.1 Running a Command

24.2 Process Creation Concepts

24.3 Process Identification

24.4 Creating a Process

24.5 Executing a File

24.6 Process Completion

24.7 Process Completion Status

24.8 BSD Process Wait Functions

24.9 Process Creation Example

25 Job Control

25.1 Concepts of Job Control

25.2 Job Control is Optional

25.3 Controlling Terminal of a Process

25.4 Access to the Controlling Terminal

25.5 Orphaned Process Groups

25.6 Implementing a Job Control Shell

25.6.1 Data Structures for the Shell

25.6.2 Initializing the Shell

25.6.3 Launching Jobs

25.6.4 Foreground and Background

25.6.5 Stopped and Terminated Jobs

25.6.6 Continuing Stopped Jobs

25.6.7 The Missing Pieces

25.7 Functions for Job Control

25.7.1 Identifying the Controlling Terminal

25.7.2 Process Group Functions

25.7.3 Functions for Controlling Terminal Access

26 System Databases and Name Service Switch

26.1 NSS Basics

26.2 The NSS Configuration File

26.2.1 Services in the NSS configuration File

26.2.2 Actions in the NSS configuration

26.2.3 Notes on the NSS Configuration File

26.3 NSS Module Internals

26.3.1 The Naming Scheme of the NSS Modules

26.3.2 The Interface of the Function in NSS Modules

26.4 Extending NSS

26.4.1 Adding another Service to NSS

26.4.2 Internals of the NSS Module Functions

27 Users and Groups

27.1 User and Group IDs

27.2 The Persona of a Process

27.3 Why Change the Persona of a Process?

27.4 How an Application Can Change Persona

27.5 Reading the Persona of a Process

27.6 Setting the User ID

27.7 Setting the Group IDs

27.8 Enabling and Disabling Setuid Access

27.9 Setuid Program Example

27.10 Tips for Writing Setuid Programs

27.11 Identifying Who Logged In

27.12 The User Accounting Database

27.12.1 Manipulating the User Accounting Database

27.12.2 XPG User Accounting Database Functions

27.12.3 Logging In and Out

27.13 User Database

27.13.1 The Data Structure that Describes a User

27.13.2 Looking Up One User

27.13.3 Scanning the List of All Users

27.13.4 Writing a User Entry

27.14 Group Database

27.14.1 The Data Structure for a Group

27.14.2 Looking Up One Group

27.14.3 Scanning the List of All Groups

27.15 User and Group Database Example

27.16 Netgroup Database

27.16.1 Netgroup Data

27.16.2 Looking up one Netgroup

27.16.3 Testing for Netgroup Membership

28 System Information

28.1 Host Identification

28.2 Hardware/Software Type Identification

28.3 Which filesystems are mounted and/or available?

29 System Configuration Parameters

29.1 General Capacity Limits

29.2 Overall System Options

29.3 Which Version of POSIX is Supported

29.4 Using sysconf

29.4.1 Definition of sysconf

29.4.2 Constants for sysconf Parameters

29.4.3 Examples of sysconf

29.5 Minimum Values for General Capacity Limits

29.6 Limits on File System Capacity

29.7 Optional Features in File Support

29.8 Minimum Values for File System Limits

29.9 Using pathconf

29.10 Utility Program Capacity Limits

29.11 Minimum Values for Utility Limits

29.12 String-Valued Parameters

30 DES Encryption and Password Handling

30.1 Legal Problems

30.2 Reading Passwords

30.3 Encrypting Passwords

30.4 DES Encryption

31 POSIX Threads

31.1 Basic Thread Operations

31.2 Thread Attributes

31.3 Cancellation

31.4 Cleanup Handlers

31.5 Mutexes

31.6 Condition Variables

31.7 POSIX Semaphores

31.8 Thread-Specific Data

31.9 Threads and Signal Handling

31.10 Miscellaneous Thread Functions

Appendix A C Language Facilities in the Library

A.1 Explicitly Checking Internal Consistency

A.2 Variadic Functions

A.2.1 Why Variadic Functions are Used

A.2.2 How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used

A.2.2.1 Syntax for Variable Arguments

A.2.2.2 Receiving the Argument Values

A.2.2.3 How Many Arguments Were Supplied

A.2.2.4 Calling Variadic Functions

A.2.2.5 Argument Access Macros

A.2.3 Example of a Variadic Function

A.2.3.1 Old-Style Variadic Functions

A.3 Null Pointer Constant

A.4 Important Data Types

A.5 Data Type Measurements

A.5.1 Computing the Width of an Integer Data Type

A.5.2 Range of an Integer Type

A.5.3 Floating Type Macros

A.5.3.1 Floating Point Representation Concepts

A.5.3.2 Floating Point Parameters

A.5.3.3 IEEE Floating Point

A.5.4 Structure Field Offset Measurement

App endix B Summary of Library Facilities

Appendix C Installing the GNU C Library

C.1 Configuring and compiling GNU Libc

C.2 Installing the C Library

C.3 Recommended Tools for Compilation

C.4 Supported Configurations

C.5 Specific advice for Linux systems

C.6 Reporting Bugs

Appendix D Library Maintenance

D.1 Adding New Functions

D.2 Porting the GNU C Library

D.2.1 Layout of the'sysdeps'Directory Hierarchy

D.2.2 Porting the GNU C Library to Unix Systems

Appendix E Contributors to the GNU C Library

Appendix F GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Preamble

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries

Concept Index

Type Index

Function and Macro Index

Variable and Constant Macro Index

Program and File Index