CONTENTS

Abbreviations

Prdface

1．Introduction to Three Grammatical Theories

1．The case grammar

2．The systemic grammar

3．The Chafian grammar

2．Some Aspects of a Relational Grammar

1．Generation of relational structures

1.1．Generation in three theories

1.2．Noun-centrality and verb-centrality

1.3．Inherent vs.circumstantial and sentential features

2．Selectional restrictions

3．Occurrence restrictions

3.1．Constraints on verb inflections

3.2．Co-occurrence of case relations

4．Deep identity of verbs

4.1．Subject selection

4.2．Feature incorporation

4.3．Variable reference

5．Hierarchy of verb-noun relations

5.1．Dependency relations

5.2．Transitivity relations and prepositions

5.3．The status of Circumstantial relations and prepositions

3．Transitivity Relations

1．Introduction:Fillmore(1968),Halliday(1967-8),and Chafe(1970)compared

2．The role of animateness in Fillmore's case categories

3．Summary of Transitivity relations

4．Agent

1．Agent,Patient,and three classes of verbs

2．Inanimate Agent vs.Instrument

3．Agent and volition

4．Agent with double roles

5．Agent and Causer

5．Patient

1．Patient vs.Experiencer

2．Sentential Patient

2.1．Easy and difficult

2.2．Begin

2.3．An analysis of modals

3．Sentential predicate vs.Possessive Patient

4．Existential Agent and Existential Patient

6．Range

1．Range and Patient compared

2．"Actual"and"virtual"

2.1．Definite and indefinite defined

2.2．The role of"actual"and"virtual"in the accusative construction

2.3．"Actual,""virtual,"and"anticipation"

3．Cognate object as"actual"and"virtual"

4．Verbalized and nominalized Range(and the notion of Cognate Instrument)

7．Source and Goal

1．General properties of State,Source,and Goal

2．Transitivity Goal

3．Transitivity Goal and Patient compared

4．Goal and Causer

5．Circumstantial Goal and Source

6．Goal and Benefactive

7．"Outward"and"inward"verbs

8．Three dimensions of directional reference

Appendix-Verb Classification

1．Sample classification

2．Verb derivations

3．Other semantic categories

4．Chao's classification

5．Wang's classification

Bibliography

Index