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《物理学词典 粒子物理学分册》_刘连寿等编_10528538_17031·151

【书名】:《物理学词典 粒子物理学分册》
【作者】:刘连寿等编
【出版社】:北京:科学出版社
【时间】:1982
【页数】:204
【ISBN】:17031·151
【SS码】:10528538

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内容简介

第一部分 总论

基本粒子elementary particle

反粒子antiparticle

名词目录

共振态resonance

费密子fermion

玻色子boson

光子photon

轻子lepton

μ子muon

重光子heavy photon

电子electron

正电子positron

中微子neutrino

重轻子heavy lepton

强子hadron

重子baryon

核子nucleon

质子proton

中子neutron

级联超子cascade hyperon

超子hyperon

反质子antiproton

反中子antineutron

奇异粒子strange particle

Λ粒子lambda particle

Σ粒子sigma particle

Ξ粒子ksi particle

?-粒子omega minus particle

△粒子delta particle

介子meson

π介子pion

k介子kaon

矢介子vector meson

赝标介子pseudoscalar meson

ω介子omega meson

ψ介子phi meson

η介子eta meson

ρ介子rho meson

新粒子new particle

J/ψ粒子J/psi particle

粲粒子charmed particle

γ粒子upsilon particle

夸克quark

胶子gluon

中间矢量玻色子intermediate vector boson(IVB)

电子偶素positronium

μ子素muonium

夸克偶素quarkonium

粲子偶素charmonium

重子偶素baryonium

反常核态abnormal nuclear state

孤子soliton

玻密子pomeron

瞬子instanton

半子meron

磁单极子magnetic monopole

双荷子dyon

引力子graviton

引力微子gravitino

快子tachyon

群group

子群subgroup

李群Lie group

直积群direct product group

一般线性群general linear group

非齐次洛伦兹群inhomogeneous Lorentz group

群表示group representation

不可约表示irreducible representation

直积表示representation of direct product

伴随表示adjoint representation

生成元generator

结构常数structure constant

李代数Lie algebra

韦耳标准基Weyl standard basis

根图root diagram

卡西米尔算子Casimir operator

张量积约化reduction of tensor product

权图weight diagram

杨图Young diagram

嵌入embedding

量子场论quantum field theory

量子电动力学quantum electrodynamics(QED)

量子味动力学quantum flavordynamics(QFD)

量子色动力学quantum chromodynamics(QCD)

点阵规范理论lattice gauge theory

弱电统一理论weak electromagnetic unified theory

规范场论gauge field theory

大统一理论grand unified theory(GUT)

超对称性理论supersymmetry theory

超引力理论supergravity theory

非线性场论nonlinear field theory

非线性σ模型nonlinear sigma model

非定域场论nonlocal field theory

旋量统一场论spinor unified field theory

靴袢理论bootstrap theory

时空量子化space-time quantization

超选择规则superselection rule

自然单位natural units

第二部分 粒子物理实验方法

高压加速器high voltage accelerator

电子直线加速器electron linear accelerator(linac)

质子直线加速器proton linear accelerator

电子感应加速器betatron

稳相加速器phasotron

同步加速器synchrotron

电子同步加速器electron synchrotron

质子同步加速器proton synchrotron

强聚焦同步加速器strong-focusing synchrotron

分离作用强聚焦系统separate function strong focusing system

预注入器preinjector

注入器injector

负离子注入negative ion injection

增强器booster

对撞机colliding beam machine

存储环storage ring

交叉存储环intersecting storage ring(ISR)

反质子累积环antiproton accumulator(AA)ring

束流beam current

超导加速器superconducting accelerator

中子存储环neutron storage ring

亮度luminosity

束流冷却beam coolirg

靶target

径迹track

本底计数background counting

正比室proportional chamber

液氙正比室liquid xenon proportional chamber

闪烁计数器scintillation counter

晶体球crystal ball

半导体探测器semiconductor detector

簇射计数器shower counter

契伦科夫计数器Cerenkov counter

超导探测器superconducting detector

穿越辐射探测器transition radiation detector

计数器描迹仪counter hodoscope chamber

飞行时间谱仪time-of-flight spectrometer

单臂谱仪single-arm spectrometer

双臂谱仪double-arm spectrometer

多粒子谱仪multiparticle spectrometer

量能器calorimeter

核乳胶nuclear emulsion

多板云室multiplate cloud chamber

泡室bubble chamber

乳胶叠emulsion stack

扩散云室diffusion cloud chamber

云室cloud chamber

氢泡室hydrogen bubble chamber(HBC)

重液泡室heavy liquid bubble chamber(HLBC)

径迹灵敏靶track sensitive target(TST)

氖闪光管neon flash tube

火花室spark chamber

多板火花室multiplate spark chamber

流光室steamer chamber

丝火花室wire spark chamber

投影火花室projection spark chamber

多丝正比室multiwire proportional chamber(MWPC)

漂移室drift chamber

时间投影室time projection chamber(TPC)

触发trigger

形成实验和产生实验formation experiment andproduction experiment

不变质量invariant mass

共振峰resonance peak

狄克机制Deck mechanism

阿根图Argand diagram

拓扑截面topological cross section

遍举过程与非遍举过程exclusive process and inclusive process

丢失质量missing mass

n叉事件n-prong event

多重数multiplicity

带头粒子leading particle

纵向相空间分析longitudinal phase space(LPS)analysis

贝略图Peyrou plot

海鸥效应sea-gull effect

达里兹图Dalitz plot

邱-骆图Chew-Low plot

冲度thrust

球度(球性)spherocity(sphericity)

离面度acoplanarity

瞬发轻子prompt lepton

倾束实验beam dump experiment

蒙特-卡洛方法Monte-Carlo method

参数化parametrization

置信水平与标准偏差confidence level and standard deviation

数据处理和分析data-handling and data analysis

质量谱mass spectrum

质量mass

第三部分 粒子的特性与结构

裸质量bare mass

平均寿命mean life

衰变方式decay modes

衰变百分数与分支比decay fraction and branching ratio

分数电荷实验fractional charge experiment

自旋spin

宇称parity

θ-τ疑难theta-tau puzzle

重子数baryon number

电子轻子数和μ子轻子数 electron lepton number and muon lepton number

轻子数lepton number

同位旋isospin

奇异数strangeness

超荷hypercharge

盖尔曼-西岛关系GellMann-Nishijima relation

粲数charm

幺旋unitary spin

电荷共轭和电荷字称(c宇称)charge conjugation and charge parity(c-parity)

G共轭和G宇称G-conjugation and Gparity

弱荷weak charge

弱同位旋和弱超荷weak isospin and weak hypercharge

螺旋度helicity

色colour

人工色technicolour

味flavor

拓扑荷topological charge

形状因子form factor

弱形状因子weak form factor

结构函数structure function

费密-杨模型Fermi-Yang model

坂田模型Sakata model

中微子统一模型neutrino unified model

八重法eight fold way

幺正对称理论unitary symmetry theory

φ-ω混合phi-omega mixing

八重态octet

十重态decuplet(decimet)

奇特态exotic state

色化学colour chemistry

层子模型straton model

夸克囚禁quark confinement

袋模型bag model

势模型potential model

弦模型string model

夸克对产生模型quark-paircreation(QPC)model

弦-结模型string-junction model

部分子模型parton model

夸克-部分子模型quark-parton model(QPM)

部分子分布函数parton distribution function

等效光子近似effective photon approximation(EPA)

无限动量系infinite momentum frame

第四部分 粒子运动学与动力学

度规metric

碰撞过程的参考系reference frames for collision processes

相空间phase space

不变截面invariant cross section

散射截面scattering cross section

反应道reaction channel

运动学反射kinematical reflection

孟德尔斯坦变量 Mahdelstam variables

交叉对称crossing symmetry

物理区域physical region

快度rapidity

散射角scattering angle

角分布angular distribution

二粒子关联two-particle correlation

垂曼-杨角Treiman-Yang angle

托勒角Toller angle

强相互作用strong interaction

超强相互作用superstrong interaction

电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction

弱相互作用weak interaction

超弱相互作用superweak interaction

引力相互作用gravitational interaction

有效相互作用effective interaction

耦合常数coupling constant

赝标量耦合与赝矢量耦合pseudoscalar coupling and pseudove-ctor coupling

真空态vacuum state

汤川型耦合Yukawa-type coupling

裸粒子与物理粒子bare particle and physical particle

束缚态bound state

梯近似ladder approximation

树图tree graph

数方次定理power counting theorem

兹外规则Zweig rule

弹性散射和非弹性散射elastic scattering and inelastic scat-tering

硬过程和软过程hard process and soft process

幺正限unitarity limit

广义光学定理generalised optical theorem

弗洛萨特限Froissart bound

轻子对强子的深度非弹性散射lepton-hadron deep inelastic scattering

高能电子-正电子碰撞high energy electron-positron colli-sion

双光子过程two-photon process

标度无关性scaling

凯兰-格洛斯关系Callan-Grossrelation

定域二重性local duality

标度无关性破坏scaling violation

矢量为主模型vector dominance model(VDM)

衍射散射diffraction scattering

介子光生 meson photoproduction

衍射分解diffraction dissociation

衍射产生diffractive production

雷吉极点与雷吉轨迹Regge pole and Regge trajectory

雷吉现象学Regge phenomenology

女儿daughter

二重性模型dual model

雷吉子场论Reggeon field theory(RFT)

边缘碰撞peripheral collision

多重边缘碰撞multiperipheral collision

多重产生multiparticle production

火球模型fire-ball model

定域电荷平衡local compensation of charge(LCC)

KNO标度无关性KNO scaling

费曼标度无关性Feynman scaling

极限碎裂假设limiting fragmentation hypothesis

重组合模型recombination model

大横动量强子-强子碰撞high transverse momentum hadron-hadron collision

硬散射模型hard-scattering model

组成子交换模型constituent interchange model(CIM)

数量纲律dimensional counting rule

坠尔-颜机制Drell-Yan mechanism

因子化factorization

喷注jet

纯轻子过程purely leptonic process

半轻子过程semileptonic process

强子弱过程hadronic weak process

胶子喷注gluon jet

中微子实验neutrino experiment

费密弱作用理论Fermi weak interaction theory

费兹重排列定理Fierz reordering theorem

V-A理论V-A theory

手征不变性chirality invariance

质量倒逆不变性nass reversal invariance

中间矢量玻色子假设intermediate vector boson(IVB)hypot-hesis

流-流相互作用current-current interaction

卡比玻普适性Cabibbo universality

守恒矢量流理论conserved vector current(CVC)theory

轴矢流部分守恒partial conservation of axial vector curr-ent(PCAC)

软πsoft pion

手征对称chiral symmetry

流代数current algebra

求和规则sum rule

阿德勒-韦斯伯格关系Adler-Weisberger relation

哥德伯格-垂曼关系Goldberger-Treiman relation

中性流neutral current

cP破坏cP violation

GIM模型GIM model

K°-?°复合体系K°-?°complex

杨-米尔斯场Yang-Mills field

对称性自发破缺spontaneous symmetry breaking

规范等级问题gauge hierarchy problem

哥德斯通定理Goldstone theorem

希格斯机制Higgs mechanism

温伯格-萨拉姆模型Weinberg-Salam model

阿德勒反常Adler anomaly

标度量纲scale dimension

标度不变性scale invariance

保形不变性conformal invariance

算符乘积展开operator product expansion(OPE)

光锥流代数light-cone current algebra

法捷耶夫-波波夫场Fadeev-Popov field

鬼ghost

单粒子不可约图one-particle-irreducible(1PI)diagram

重整化群renormalization group

凯兰-习曼吉克方程Callan-Symanzik cquation

渐近自由asymptotic freedom

红外奴役infrared slavery

e真空theta vacuum


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