PARTⅠ PRELIMINARIES

CHAPTER1 An Overview of Database Management

1.1 Introduction

1.2 What is a database system?

1.3 What is a database?

1.4 Why database?

1.5 Data independence

1.6 Relational systems and others

1.7 Summary

Exercises

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CHAPTER2 Database System Architecture

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The three levels of the architectuer

2.3 The external level

2.4 The conceptual level

2.5 The internal level

2.6 Mappings

2.7 The database administrator

2.8 The database management system

2.9 The data communications manager

2.10 Client/server architecture

2.11 Utilities

2.12 Distributed processing

2.13 Summary

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3.2 An informal look at the relational model

3.1 Introduction

CHAPTER3 An Introduction to Relational Databases

3.3 Relations and relvars

3.4 What relations mean

3.5 Optimization

3.6 The Catalog

3.7 Base relvars and views

3.8 Transactions

3.9 The suppliers and parts database

3.10 Summary

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CHAPTER4 An Introduction to SQL

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Overview

4.3 The catalog

4.4 Views

4.5 Transactions

4.6 Embedded SQL

4.8 Summary

4.7 SQL is not perfect

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PART1Ⅱ THE RELATIONAL MODEL

CHAPTER5 Domains,Relations,and Base Relvars

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Domains

5.3 Relation values

5.4 Relation variables

5.5 SQL facilities

5.6 Summary

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CHAPTER6 Relational Algebra

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Closure revisited

6.3 Syntax

6.4 Semantics

6.5 Examples

6.6 What is the algebra for?

6.7 Additional operators

6.8 Grouping and ungrouping

6.9 Relational comparisons

6.10 Summary

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7.1 Introduction

CHAPTER7 Relational Calculus

7.2 Tuple calculus

7.3 Examples

7.4 Calculus vs.algebra

7.5 Computational capabilities

7.6 Domain calculus

7.7 SQL facilities

7.8 Summary

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CHAPTER8 Integrity

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Type constraints

8.3 Attribute constraints

8.4 Relvar constraints

8.5 Database constraints

8.6 The Golden Rule

8.7 State vs.transition constraints

8.8 Keys

8.9 SQL facilities

8.10 Summary

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CHAPTER9 Views

9.1 Introduction

9.2 What are views for?

9.3 View retrievals

9.4 View updates

9.5 Snapshots(a digression)

9.6 SQL facilities

9.7 Summary

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PARTⅢ DATABASE DESIGN

CHAPTER10 Functional Dependencies

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Basic definitions

10.4 Closure of a set of dependencies

10.3 Trivial and nontrivial dependencies

10.5 Closure of a set of attributes

10.6 Irreducible sets of dependencies

10.7 Summary

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CHAPTER11 Further Normalization Ⅰ:1NF,2NF,3NF,BCNF

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Nonloss decomposition and functional dependencies

11.3 First,second,and third normal forms

11.4 Dependency preservation

11.5 Boyce/Codd normal form

11.6 A note on relation-valued attributes

11.7 Summary

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12.1 Introduction

12.2 Multi-valued dependencies and fourth normal form

CHAPTER12 Further Normalization Ⅱ:Higher Normal Forms

12.3 Join dependencies and fifth normal form

12.4 The normalization procedure summarized

12.5 A note on denormalization

12.6 Orthogonal design(a digression)

12.7 Other normal forms

12.8 Summary

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CHAPTER13 Semantic Modeling

13.1 Introduction

13.2 The overall approach

13.3 The E/R model

13.4 E/R diagrams

13.5 Database design with the E/R model

13.6 A brief analysis

13.7 Summary

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PARTⅣ TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER14 Recovery

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Transactions

14.3 Transaction recovery

14.4 System recovery

14.5 Media recovery

14.6 Two-phase commit

14.7 SQL facilities

14.8 Summary

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CHAPTER15 Concurrency

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Three concurrency problems

15.3 Locking

15.4 The three concurrency problems revisited

15.5 Deadlock

15.6 Serializability

15.7 Isolation levels

15.8 Intent locking

15.9 SQL facilities

15.10 Summary

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PARTⅤ FURTHER TOPICS

16.1 Introduction

CHAPTER16 Security

16.2 Discretionary access control

16.3 Mandatory access control

16.4 Statistical databases

16.5 Data encryption

16.6 SQL facilities

16.7 Summary

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17.1 Introduction

CHAPTER17 Optimization

17.2 A motivating example

17.3 An overview of query processing

17.4 Expression transformation

17.5 Database statistics

17.6 A divide and conquer strategy

17.7 Implementing the relational operators

17.8 Summary

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CHAPIER18 Missing Information

18.1 Introduction

18.2 An overview of the 3VL approach

18.3 Some consequences of the foregoing scheme

18.4 Nulls and keys

18.5 Outer join(a digression)

18.6 Special values

18.7 SQL facilities

18.8 Summary

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CHAPTER19 Type Inheritance

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Type hierarchies

19.3 Polymorphism and substitutability

19.4 Variables and assignments

19.5 Specialization by constraint

19.6 Comparisons

19.7 Operators,versions,and signatures

19.8 Is a circle an ellipse?

19.9 Specialization by constraint revisited

19.10 Summary

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CHAPTER20 Distributed Databases

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Some preliminaries

20.3 The twelve objectives

20.4 Problems of distributed systems

20.5 Client/server systems

20.6 DBMS independence

20.7 SQL facilities

20.8 Summary

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CHAPTER21 Decision Support

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Aspects of decision support

21.3 Database design for decision support

21.4 Data preparation

21.5 Data warehouses and data marts

21.6 Online analytical processing

21.7 Data mining

21.8 Summary

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22.1 Introduction

CHAPTER22 Temporal Databases

22.2 Temporal data

22.3 What is the problem?

22.4 Intervals

22.5 Interval types

22.6 Scalar operators on intervals

22.7 Aggregate operators on intervals

22.8 Relational operators involving intervals

22.9 Constraints involving intervals

22.10 Update operators involving intervals

22.11 Database design considerations

22.12 Summary

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CHAPTER23 Logic-Based Databases

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Overview

23.3 Propositional calculus

23.4 Predicate calculus

23.5 A proof-theoretic view of databases

23.6 Deductive database systems

23.7 Recursive query processing

23.8 Summary

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PARTⅥ OBJECT AND OBJECT/RELATIONAL DATABASES

CHAPTER 24 Object Databases

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Objects,classes,methods,and messages

24.3 A closer look

24.4 A cradle-to-grave example

24.5 Miscellaneous issues

24.6 Summary

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CHAPTER25 Object/Relational Databases

25.1 Introduction

25.2 The First Great Blunder

25.3 The Second Great Blunder

25.4 Implementation issues

25.5 Benefits of true rapprochement

25.6 Summary

References and bibliography

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A SQL Expressions

A.1 Introduction

A.2 Table expressions

A.3 Conditional expressions

A.4 Scalar expressions

APPENDIX B An Overview of SQL3

B.1 Introduction

B.2 New data types

B.3 Type inheritance

B.4 Reference types

B.5 Subtables and supertables

B.6 Other features

APPENDIX C Abbreviations,Acronyms,and Symbols

Index