Chapter One Introduction

1.1 The Metal Column—Past and Present

1.2 Scope and Summary of the Guide

1.3 Mechanical Properties of Structural Metals

Contents

Notation

1.4 Definitions

1.5 Post-Buckling Behavior

2.2 Concepts of Structural Safety

2.1 Introduction

Chapter Two Structural Safety

2.3 Load and Resistance Factor Design(Limit StatesDesign)

2.4 The Safety of Columns

Abbreviations

2.5 Safety in Column-Support Details

Chapter Three Centrally Loaded Columns

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Critical Load-Theory

3.3 Effects of Geometric Imperfections

3.4 Strength of Aluminum-Alloy Columns

3.5 Strength of Steel Columns

3.6 Design Considerations for Steel Columns

3.7 Effective Length of Framed Columns

3.8 Columns of Variable Cross Section

3.9 Lateral-Bracing Requirements

Chapter Four Local Buckling of Plates

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Critical Stresses for Plates Under Uniform Edge Com-pression

4.3 k-Factors for Elements of Rolled Structural Shapes and Box Sections

4.4 Plate-Thickness Requirements as Determined by Critical Stress

4.5 Effective Width-Thickness Ratios for Flat Plates in Axial Compression,Based on Post-Buckling Strength

4.6 Plates Under Other Edge-Loading Conditions

5.1 Introduction

Chapter Five Dynamic Load Effects

5.2 Parametric Resonance

5.3 Simply Supported Uniform Column

5.4 Other Results

Chapter Six Laterally Unsupported Beams

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Rectangular and Box-Girder Sections

6.3 Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Beams and Girders—Introduction

6.4 Method A:The Basic Procedure for Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Beams and Plate Girders

6.5 Method B:The Single-Formula Simplified Procedure for Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Beams and Plate Girders

6.6 Method C:The Double-Formula Simplified Procedure for Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Beams and Plate Girders

6.8 Girders Symmetrical about the y-y Axis but Unsymmetri-cal about the x-x Axis

6.7 Summary with Respect to Design Formulas for Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Beams and Plate Girders

6.9 Doubly Symmetric Girders with Variable Flange Area

6.10 Continuous Beams

6.11 Channels and Special Shapes

6.12 Types of Lateral Support

6.13 Effect of Concrete Encasement

Chapter Seven Plate Girders

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Web Buckling as a Basisfor Design

7.3 Shear Strength of Plate Girders

7.4 Girders with No Intermediate Stiffeners

7.5 Bending Strength of Plate Girders

7.6 Combined Bending and Shear

7.7 Plate Girders with Longitudinal Stiffeners

7.8 End Panels

7.9 Design of Stiffeners

7.10 Panels Under Edge Loading

7.11 Fatigue

7.12 Research Needs

Chapter Eight Beam-Columns

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Beam-Column Design Based on Load at Initial Yield

8.3 Beam-Column Strength in Bending Without Lateral Buckling

8.4 Strength of Laterally Unsupported Beam-Columns

8.5 Beam-Columns Having Unequal End Moments

8.6 Beam-Columns with Lateral Loading

8.7 Beam-Columns in Biaxial Bending

8.8 Evaluation of Interaction Design Formulae

8.9 Restrained Beam-Columns

8.10 Design Trends and Research Needs

Chapter Nine Thin-Walled Metal Construction

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Flexural Members

9.3 Compression Members

9.4 Diaphragm Action of Thin-Walled Panels

9.5 Bracing Requirements

Chapter Ten Circular Tubes and Shells

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Production Practice

10.3 Material Properties

10.4 General Buckling Behavior

10.5 Circular Tubes and Shells Subjected to Axial Compression

10.6 Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Bending

10.7 Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Torsion

10.8 Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Transverse Shear

10.9 Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Uniform Pressure

10.10 Cylinders Subjected to Combined Loadings

10.11 Special Topics

Chapter Eleven Tapered Structural Members

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Frame Analysis

11.3 Stress Analysis

11.4 Stability of Tapered Members

11.5 Development of Axial Compression Formulas

11.6 Development of Bending Formulas

11.7 Interaction:Axial Compression and Bending

11.8 Summary

Chapter Twelve Columns with Lacing,Battens,or Perforated Cover Plates

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Effects of Shear Distortion and Axial Force

12.3 Laced Structural Members

12.4 Columns with Battens

12.5 Tie Plates and Spaced Problems

12.6 Columns with Perforated Plates

12.7 Design of Lattice Towers and Masts

13.1 Introduction

Chapter Thirteen Mill-Building Columns

13.2 Effective Length of Stepped Columns

13.3 Design Procedure for Stepped Columns

13.4 Design Trends and Research Needs

Chapter Fourteen Members with Elastic Lateral Restraints

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Buckling of the Compression Chord

14.3 Effect of Secondary Factors on Buckling Load

14.4 Top-Chord Stresses Due to Bending of Floorbeams and to Initial Chord Eccentricities

14.5 Design Procedures

14.7 Guyed Towers

14.6 Plate Girder with Elastically Braced Compression Flange

Chapter Fifteen Multistory Frames

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Frame Buckling and Frame Instability

15.3 Methods of Providing Resistance to Lateral Loads

15.4 Effective-Column-Length Design Procedure

15.5 Determination of K

15.6 Column Base Effects on K

15.7 Modifications of K for Flexible Connections

15.8 Effects of Residual Stresses and Effective I on the Value of K

15.9 Floor-Diaphragm Action and Torsional Stability

15.10 Plastic-Design Procedure

15.11 P△ Design Procedure

15.12 Strength of Frames Designed by the Allowable-Stress Method—Comprehensive Studies

15.13 Frames That Can Be Designed Without Considering Frame Instability

15.14 Design Examples

Chapter Sixteen Arches

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Elastic In-Plane Buckling Under Loadings That Produce Pure Axial Compression

16.3 In-Plane Buckling of Arches Under General Loadings

16.4 Arch-Bending Analysis

16.5 Shallow Arches

16.6 The Symmetrical Shallow Arch,Symmetrically Loaded

16.7 Out-of-Plane Buckling of Curved Members

16.8 Out-of-Plane Buckling of Members Shaped as Circular Arcs

16.9 Out-of-Plane Buckling of Parabolic Arches

16.10 Braced Arches

16.11 Amplification of Deflections and Stresses Due to Trans-verse Forces

16.12 Arches of Thin-Walled Open Cross Section

Chapter Seventeen Stiffened Flat Plates

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Methods of Analysis

17.3 Elastic Buckling of Stiffened-Plate Elements Under Uniaxial Compression

17.4 Post-Buckling of Longitudinally Stiffened Plates Under Longitudinal Compression

17.5 Buckling of Orthotropic Plates

17.6 Combined Compression and Shear

17.7 Laterally Loaded Plates in Compression

17.8 Residual Stresses

17.9 Research Needs

Chapter Eighteen Shells and Shell-Like Structures

18.1 Introduction

18.2 General Buckling—Spherical Shell-Like Structures

18.3 Local Buckling—Spherical Shell-Like Structures

18.4 Member Buckling

18.5 Design Trends and Research Needs

19.1 Introduction

Chapter Nineteen Composite Columns

19.2 Research on Structural Shapes Encased in Concrete

19.3 Design of Structural Shapes Encased in Concrete

19.4 Steel-Encased Concrete Column Research(Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes)

19.5 Design of Steel-Encased Concrete Columns

19.6 Design Trends and Research Needs

Appendix A General References

Appendix B Technical Memoranda of Column Research Council

Appendix C Column Research Council

Appendix D Acknowledgments

Name Index

Subject Index