Chapter One Writing in Perspective

1.1 A Communicative View of Writing

1.2 A Contextual View of Writing

1.3 A Rhetorical View of Writing

1.3.1 Rhetorical Triangulation in Writing

1.3.2 Overarching Rhetorical Principle

Exercises

Chapter Two Invention in Writing

2.1 Audience Analysis

2.1.1 Identifying Audience

2.1.2 Analyzing a General Audience

2.1.3 Analyzing a Specific Audience

2.2 Invention Schemes

2.2.1 A Tripartite-Topoi System

2.2.2 Brainstorming

2.2.3 Cubing

2.2.4 Journalists' Five W's and H

2.2.5 Tagmemic Discovery Model

2.2.6 Stasis Model

Exercises

Chapter Three Diction and Rhetorical Strategies

3.1 Levels of Words

3.2 Meanings of Words

3.3 Specific VS General,and Concrete VS Abstract Words

3.4 Dynamic VS Static Words

3.5 Figures of Speech

3.5.1 Simile

3.5.2 Metaphor

3.5.3 Personification

3.5.4 Metonymy

3.5.5 Synecdoche

3.5.6 Transferred Epithet

3.5.7 Hyperbole

3.5.8 Onomatopoeia

3.5.9 Euphemism

3.5.10 Oxymoron

3.5.11 Other Figures of Speech

Exercises

Chapter Four Sentence Construction and Rhetorical Strategies

4.1 Notion of Sentence

4.2 Classification of Sentences

4.2.1 Simple,Compound,Complex,and Compound-Complex Sentences

4.2.2 Declarative,Interrogative,Imperative,and Exclamatory Sentences

4.2.3 Loose,Periodic and Balanced Sentences

4.2.4 Short and Long Sentences

4.3 Principles of Sentence Construction

4.3.1 From-Shared-to-New Principle

4.3.2 End-Focus and End-Weight Principles

4.3.3 Head-and-Tail Principle

4.4 Rhetorical Perspectives in Sentence Construction

4.4.1 Emphasis

4.4.2 Conciseness

4.4.3 Balance

4.4.4 Variety

4.5 Common Sentence Errors and Mistakes

4.5.1 Comma Splice

4.5.2 Misplaced Modifier

4.5.3 Dangling Modifier

4.5.4 Run-on Sentence

4.5.5 Sentence Fragment

4.5.6 Faulty Parallelism

Exercises

Chapter Five Paragraph Construction and Rhetorical Strategies

5.1 Notion of Paragraph and Its Basic Structure

5.2 Formulating a Topic Sentence

5.3 Ways of Paragraph Development

5.3.1 Narration

5.3.2 Description

5.3.3 Exemplification

5.3.4 Process

5.3.5 Comparison and Contrast

5.3.6 Classification

5.3.7 Cause and Effect

5.3.8 Definition

5.3.9 Combination of Methods

5.4 Paragraph as Argument and Rhetorical Strategies

5.4.1 Structure of Argument

5.4.2 Micro-Structure of Paragraph as Argument

5.4.2.1 A Point of Departure:Sentence asArgument

5.4.2.2 Similarity Between Sentence and Paragraph

5.4.3 Macro-Structure of Paragraph as Argument

5.4.4 Identificational Strategies for Constructing Paragraph as Argument

5.5 Problems to Address

5.5.1 Disunity and Incoherence

5.5.2 Shallow Reasoning

Exercises

Chapter Six Essay Construction and Rhetorical Strategies

6.1 Structure of Essay

6.2 Formulating an Outline

6.3 Formulating a Thesis Statement

6.4 Traditional Modes of Discourse

6.4.1 Narration

6.4.2 Description

6.4.3 Exposition

6.4.4 Argumentation

6.5 Whole Essay as Argument

6.5.1 Similarity Between Paragraph and Whole Essay

6.5.2 Macro-Structure of Essay as Argument

6.5.3 Identificational Strategies for Constructing Essay as Argument

6.6 Rhetorical Strategies for Beginning and End

6.6.1 Rhetorical Strategies for Introduction

6.6.2 Rhetorical Strategies for Conclusion

6.7 Appropriate Tone

6.8 A Common Problem to Tackle

6.8.1 Chinese Spiral Form VS English Linear Form

6.8.2 A Solution to the Problem:An Interaction Model

Exercises

Bibliography