Unit 1 Introduction of CNC Machine Tool

1.1 Machining Center Configurations

1.2 Vertical Machining Centers

1.3 Horizontal Machining Centers

1.4 Other Programmable Features of Machining Centers

1.4.1 Spindle Speed

1.4.2 Spindle Activation and Direction

1.4.3 Spindle Range

1.4.4 Feedrate

1.4.5 Coolant

1.4.6 Tool Changes

1.4.7 What Else Might Be Programmable

Exercises

Unit 2 Tooling for CNC Machine

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Material for Cutting Tools

2.3 The Practical Application of Cemented Carbides

2.3.1 Solid Tools

2.3.2 Brazed Tips

2.3.3 Indexable Inserts

2.4 Tooling Systems

2.5 Automatic Tool Changer System

2.5.1 Turret Head

2.5.2 Carousel Storage with Spindle Direct Tool Changer

2.5.3 Horizontal Storage Matrix Magazine with Pivot Insertion Tool Changer

Exercises

Unit 3 Program Zero and Coordinate System

3.1 What is Coordinate System

3.2 Plus and Minus

3.3 Program Zero

3.4 Absolute vs.Incremental

Exercises

Unit 4 Mathematics for NC Programming

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Geometry

4.2.1 Properties of Intersecting Lines

4.2.2　Tangency

4.3 Trigonometry

4.3.1 The Pythagorean Theorem

4.3.2 Right Triangle Trigonometry

4.3.3 Oblique Triangle Trigonometry

Exercises

Unit 5 Word Address Programming

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Programming Language Format

5.3 Programming Language Terminology

5.4 Program and Sequence Numbers(O,N Codes)

5.5 Preparatory Functions(G Codes)

5.6 Dimension Words(X,Y,Z,…Codes)

5.7 Feedrate(F Codes)

5.8 Spindle Speed(S Codes)

5.9 Miscellaneous Machine Functions(M Codes)

5.10 Why Learn Manual Programming

Exercises

Unit 6 Speeds and Feeds

6.1 Cutting Speeds and Feeds

6.2 Spindle Speeds

6.3 Feed Rates

6.3.1 Feed Rates for Turning

6.3.2 Feed Rates for Milling

6.3.3 Feed Rates for Drilling

6.4 Feed Rate and Spindle Speed Override

Exercises

Unit 7 Preparation for Programming

7.1 The Importance of Preparation

7.2 Typical Mistakes

7.2.1 Syntax Mistakes

7.2.2 Motion Mistakes

7.2.3 Mistakes of Omission

7.2.4 Process Mistakes

7.3 Steps for Preparing to Write a CNC Program

7.3.1 Study and Mark Up the Print

7.3.2 Prepare the Machining Process

7.3.3 Develop the Needed Cutting Conditions

7.3.4 Do the Required Math

7.3.5 Check the Required Tooling

7.4 Plan the Work Holding Setup

7.5 Other Documentation

7.5.1 Setup Sheet

7.5.2 Program Listing

7.6 Is It All Worth It

Exercises

Unit 8 Programming Techniques

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Programming Hole Operation

8.3 Programming Linear Profiles

8.4 Programming Circular Profiles

8.4.1 Circular Interpolation Commands

8.4.2 Circular Interpolation Via Direct Radius Specification

8.4.3 Profiling Arcs at Constant Feed Rate

8.5 Programming with Subprogram

8.5.1 Subprogram Concept

8.5.2 Commands for Calling a Subprogram and Returning to the Main Program

8.5.3 General Rules for Subprogramming

Exercises

Unit 9 Three Kinds of Compensation

9.1 Introduction

9.2 What is Compensation

9.3 Understanding Offsets

9.3.1 How Many Offsets do You Have

9.3.2 Offsets and Trial Machining

9.3.3 Organization of Offsets

9.3.4 Wear Offsets Versus Geometry Offsets

9.3.5 How Offsets are Instated

9.4 Tool Length Compensation

9.4.1 The Reason for Tool Length Compensation

9.4.2 How Tool Length Compensation is Used

9.5 Cutter Radius Compensation

9.5.1 Reasons for Using Cutter Radius Compensation

9.5.2 How does Cutter Radius Compensation Work

9.6 Fixture Offsets

Exercises

Unit 10 Machine Design

10.1 Repeatability

10.2 Basic Structure

10.3 Machine Spindles

10.4 Spindle Drives

10.5 Machine Slides

10.6 Slide Drives

Exercises

Unit 11 Setup and Maintain

11.1 Tasks Related to Setup and Operation

11.1.1 Setup Tasks Versus Production Maintaining Tasks

11.1.2 Tasks Related to Setup

11.2 Tasks Related to Maintaining Production

11.2.1 Workpiece Unload and Load

11.2.2 Maintaining Critical Dimensions(with Close Tolerances)during Each Tool's Life

11.2.3 Replacing Worn Tools

11.3 Other Possible Tasks to be Done During the Production Run

Exercises

Unit 12 Three Modes of Operation

12.1 The Manual Mode

12.2 The Manual Data Input Mode

12.2.1 The Manual Data Input Position of the Mode Switch

12.2.2 The Edit Position of the Mode Switch

12.3 The Program Operation Mode

12.3.1 The Memory(or Auto)Mode Switch Position

12.3.2 The Tape Mode Switch Position

Exercises

Unit 13 Program Verification Techniques

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Safety Priorities

13.2.1 Operator Safety

13.2.2 Machine Tool Safety

13.2.3 Workpiece Safety

13.3 Typical Mistakes

13.3.1 Syntax Mistakes in the Program

13.3.2 Motion Mistakes in the Program

13.3.3 Setup Mistakes

13.3.4 Mistakes of Omission

13.4 Procedures to Program Verification

13.4.1 The Machine Lock Dry Run

13.4.2 Free Flowing Dry Run

13.4.3 Normal Air Cutting Cycle Execution

13.4.4 Running the First Workpiece

13.4.5 Making Good Parts

13.5 Conclusion to Program Verification

Exercises

Unit 14 CAD/CAM

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Computer-Aided Anything(CAA)

14.3 What is CAD/CAM Software

14.4 Description of CAD/CAM Components and Functions

14.4.1 CAD Module

14.4.2 CAM Module

14.4.3 Geometry vs.Toolpath

14.4.4 Tool and Material Libraries

14.4.5 Verification and Post-Processor

14.4.6 Portability

14.5 Software Issues and Trends

Exercises

Appendix A G＆M Code Reference

Appendix B The Sample of CNC Machine Specification

Appendix C Vocabulary

References