Chapter One Fundamental Knowledge

1.1 General Remarks

1.2 Basic Rules of Manuscript Form

1.2.1 Arrangement

1.2.2 Word Division

1.2.3 Capitalization

1.3 Handwriting

1.4 Punctuation

1.4.1 The Comma

1.4.2 The Period

1.4.3 The Semicolon

1.4.4 The Colon

1.4.5 The Question Mark

1.4.6 The Exclamation Mark

1.4.7 Quotation Marks

1.4.8 Parenthesis/Brackets

1.4.9 The Dash

1.4.10 The Slash

1.4.11 Ellipsis/Dots

1.4.12 The Apostrophe

1.4.13 The Hyphen

1.4.14 Underlining and Italics

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Chapter Two Phraseology

2.1 General Remarks

2.2 Types of Words

2.3 Sorts of Lexical Item

2.3.1 Synonymy

2.3.2 Gradable Antonymy

2.3.3 Hyponymy

2.3.4 Polysemy

2.3.5 Homonymy

2.4 Levels of Words

2.4.1 Common Words

2.4.2 Formal Words

2.4.3 Informal Words

2.5 Meaning of Words

2.5.1 Contextual Meaning

2.5.2 Denotative Meaning

2.5.3 Connotative Meaning

2.6 Choice of Words

2.6.1 Essential Points of Choosing Words

2.6.2 General and Specific Words

2.6.3 Vitality of Some Words

2.7 Appreciation of Skillful Diction

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Chapter Three Making Right and Effective Sentences

3.1 General Remarks

3.2 Types of Sentences

3.2.1 The Use of Sentences

3.2.2 The Structure of Sentences

3.2.3 The Rhetorical Form of Sentences

3.3 Effective Sentences

3.3.1 Correctness of Sentences

3.3.2 Unity of Sentences

3.3.3 Coherence of Sentences

3.3.4 Conciseness of Sentences

3.3.5 Emphasis of Sentences

3.3.6 Variety of Sentences

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Chapter Four Rhetorical Devices

4.1 General Remarks

4.2 The Function of Figures In Writing

4.3 Commonly Used Figures

4.3.1 Simile

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4.3.2 Metaphor

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4.3.3 Metonymy

4.3.4 Synecdoche

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4.3.5 Personification

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4.3.6 Euphemism

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4.3.7 Overstatement

4.3.8 Understatement

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4.3.9 Irony

4.3.10 Alliteration

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4.3.11 pun

4.3.12 Oxymoron

4.3.13 Paradox

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4.3.14 Transferred Epithet

4.3.15 Zeugma

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4.3.16 Parody

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Chapter Five The Practical Writing

5.1 General Remarks

5.2 Types of Practical Writing

5.2.1 Notices

5.2.2 Notes

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5.2.3 Letters

5.2.4 Resumes

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Chapter Six The Paragraph

6.1 General Remarks

6 2 Features of a Paragraph

6.2.1 About Unity

6.2.2 About Completeness

6.2.3 About Coherence

6.3 Structure of a Paragraph

6.3.1 The topic sentence

6.3.2 Developing sentences(or Supporting details)

6.3.3 The concluding sentence

6.4 How to write good paragraphs

6.5 Appreciation of effective paragraphs

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6.6 Ways of Expanding a Paragraph

6.6.1 Expansion by Time

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6.6.2 Expansion by Process

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6.6.3 Expansion by Space

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6.6.4 Expansion by Example or illustration

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6.6.5 Expansion by Comparison and Contrast

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6.6.6 Expansion by Cause and Effect

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6.6.7 Expansion by Classification

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6.6.8 Expansion by Definition

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Chapter Seven Organizing the Whole Composition

7.1 General Remarks

7 2 Basic Principles

7.3 Structure of Writing

7.3.1 Opening Paragraph

7.3.2 Body Paragraph

7.3.3 Concluding Paragraph

7.4 Stages of Writing

7.4.1 Basic stages

7.4.2 Specific steps

7.5 Samples of the whole composition

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Chapter Eight Types of Writing

8.1 General Remarks

8.2 Different Types of Compositions of TEM-4

8.2.1 The Outlining Composition

8.2.2 The Graphic Composition

8.2.3 The Set-situational Composition

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8.3 Description

8.3.1 Description of a person

8.3.2 Description of a scene/scenery

8.3.3 Description of an object

8.3.4 Description of a Place

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8.4 Narration

8.4.1 Structure and composition

8.4.2 Basic requirements of writing a Narrative

8.4.3 Samples

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8.5 Exposition

8.5.1 Function of Exposition

8.5.2 Skill of Writing Exposition

8.5.3 Common Ways of Writing Exposition

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8.5.4 Appreciation of Common Expositions

8.6 Argumentation

8.6.1 Striking features of argumentation

8.6.2 Samples

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8.7 Writing Different Compositions by Assigning Subjects

Chapter Nine The Summary,Brief Comment and Book Report

9.1 General Remarks

9.2 Practice of Writing Summary,Brief Comment,and Book Report

9.2.1 The Summary

9.2.2 The Brief Comment

9.2.3 The Book report

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Chapter Ten The Academic Paper

10.1 General Remarks

10.2 General Principles and Techniques

10.3 Layout and Process

10.3.1 Layout

10.3.2 Process

10.4 Format

10.4.1 Overall arrangement

10.4.2 Styles of documentation

10.5 Samples of Academic Papers

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APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY