Chapter 1 Linguistics—A Pilot Science

1.1 Why Study Linguistics？

1.2 What Is Language？—Defining the Object of Study

1.3 Origin of Language

1.4 Design Features of Language

1.5 Animal Communication Systems，Gesture and Other Language Forms

1.6 Perspectives of Language Studies

1.7 Functions of Language

1.8 Important Distinctions in Linguistics

1.9 Data of Linguistics

1.10 Status and Prospect of Linguistics

Chapter 2 Phonological Analysis

2.1 Transcribing Speech Sounds

2.2 Consonants and Vowels

2.3 Phonemic vs.Phonetic Transcriptions

2.4 Distinctive Features and Rule Representation

2.5 Suprasegmentals and Feature Geometry

2.6 Optimality Theory

2.7 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Morphology

3.1 Morphemes，Morphs and Allomorphs

3.2 Classification of Morphemes

3.3 Morphemization

3.4 Allomorphy

3.5 Word，Word-form and Lexeme

3.6 Morphology and Word-formation

3.7 Approaches and Problems

Chapter 4 Generative Syntax

4.1 Generative Grammar：Some Basic Assumptions

4.2 Phrase Structure Rules

4.3 Projection from Lexicon

4.4 The Minimalist Approach

Chapter 5 Functional Syntax

5.1 Vilem Mathesius

5.2 Frantisek Danes

5.3 Michael Halliday

5.4 Summary

Chapter 6 Semantics

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Meanings of “Meaning”

6.3 The Referential Theory

6.4 Sense Relations

6.5 Componential Analysis

6.6 Sentence Meaning

Chapter 7 Linguistic Comparison

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Comparative and Historical Linguistics

7.3 Typological Comparison

7.4 Contrastive Linguistics

Chapter 8 Language，Culture，and Society

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Language and Culture

8.3 Language and Society

8.4 Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching

8.5 Summary

Chapter 9 Cognitive Linguistics

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Processes

9.3 Cognitive Semantics

9.4 Cognitive Grammar

Chapter 10 Pragmatics

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Speech Act Theory

10.3 The Classical Theory of Implicature

10.4 Post-Gricean Theories

10.5 Recent Developments in Pragmatics

Chapter 11 Issues of Stylistics

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Style and Stylistics

11.3 Style as Rhetoric：The Initial Stage of Stylistics

11.4 One Style or Several Styles？

11.5 Aspects of Style：The Writer-style as Writer’s Individual/Personal Singularities

11.6 Aspects of Style：The Text-style as Linguistic Sameness （Structural Equivalence）

11.7 Aspects of Style：The Text-style as Linguistic Difference （Deviation or Foregrounding）

11.8 Aspects of Style：The Reader-style as Reader’s Response

11.9 Aspects of Style：The Context：Style as Function

11.10 Aspects of Style：The Meaning：Style as Meaning Potential

11.11 Concluding Remarks：Linguistics，Literary Criticism，and Stylistics

Chapter 12 Computational Linguistics

12.1 What Is Computational Linguistics？

12.2 Machine Translation

12.3 Corpus Linguistics

12.4 Information Retrieval

12.5 Looking into the Future

Chapter 13 Second Language Acquisition

13.1 Introduction

13.2 The Role of Internal Mechanisms

13.3 The Role of Native Language

13.4 Input，Interaction and Output

13.5 Non-language Influences

13.6 Summary

Chapter 14 Modern Theories and Schools of Linguistics

14.1 The Beginning of Modern Linguistics

14.2 The Prague School and the Copenhagen School

14.3 The London School

14.4 Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar

14.5 American Structuralism

14.6 Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar

14.7 Revisionist/Rebellious Theories

14.8 Concluding Remarks