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《论美国民主 英文 11》_(法)托克维尔著_13940820_7500426518

【书名】:《论美国民主 英文 11》
【作者】:(法)托克维尔著
【出版社】:北京:中国社会科学出版社
【时间】:1999
【页数】:446
【ISBN】:7500426518
【SS码】:13940820

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内容简介

AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION

Chapter Ⅰ EXTERIOR FORM OF NORTH AMERICA

Chapter Ⅱ ORIGIN OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS,AND IMPORTANCE OF THIS ORIGIN IN RELATION TO THEIR FUTURE CONDITION

Reasons for certain anomalies which the laws and cus-toms of the Anglo-Americans present

Chapter Ⅲ SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS

The striking characteristic of the social condition of the Anglo-Americans is its essential democracy

Political consequences of the social condition of the Anglo-Americans

Chapter Ⅳ THE PRINCIPLE OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA

Chapter Ⅴ NECESSITY OF EXAMINING THE CONDITION OF THE STATES BE-FORE THAT OF THE UNION AT LARGE

The American system of townships

Limits of the township

Powers of the township in New England

Life in the township

Spirit of the townships of New England

The counties of New England

The administration of government in New England

General remarks on administration in the United States

OF THE STATE

Legislative power of the state

The executive power of the state

Political effects of decentralized administration in the United States

Chapter Ⅵ JUDICIAL POWER IN THE UNITED STATES,AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POLITICAL SOCIETY

Others powers granted to American Judges

Chapter Ⅶ POLITICAL JURISDICTION IN THE UNITED STATES

Chapter Ⅷ THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION

History of the Federal Constitution

Summary of the Federal Constitution

Powers of the Federal government

Legislative powers of the Federal government

A further difference between the Senate and the House of Representatives

The executive power

In what the position of a President of the United States differs from that of a constitutional King of France

Accidental causes which may increase the influence of executive government

Why the President of the United States does not need a majority in the two houses in order to carry on the government

Election of the President

Mode of election

Crisis of the election

Re-election of the President

Federal courts of justice

Means of determining the jurisdiction of the Federal courts

Different cases of jurisdiction

Procedure of the Federal courts

High rank of the Supreme Court among the great powers of state

In what respects the Federal Constitution is superior to that of the States

Characteristics of the Federal Constitution of the United States of America as compared with all other Federal constitutions

Advantages of the Federal system in general,and its spe-cial utility in America

Why the Federal system is not practicable for all nations,and how the Anglo-Americans were enabled to adopt it

Chapter Ⅸ HOW IT CAN BE STRICTLY SAID THAT THE PEOPLE GOVERN IN THE UNITED STATES

Chapter Ⅹ PARTIES THE UNITED STATES

Remains of the aristocratic party in the United States

Chapter Ⅺ LIBERTY OF THE PRESS IN THE UNITED STATES

Chapter Ⅻ POLITICAL ASSOCLATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Chapter ⅩⅢ GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA

Universal suffrage

The choice of the people,and the instinctive preferences of the American democracy

Causes which may partly correct these tendencies of the democracy

Influence which the American democracy has exercised on the laws relating to elections

Public officers under the control of the American democ-racy

Arbitrary power of magistrates under the rule of the American democracy

Instability of the administration in the United States

Charges levied by the state under the rule of the Ameri-can democracy

Tendencies of the American democracy as regards the salaries of public officers

Difficulty of distinguishing the causes that incline the American government to economy

Whether the expenditure of the United States can be compared with that of France

Corruption and the vices of the rulers in a democracy,and consequent effects upon public morality

Efforts of which a democracy is capable

Self-control of the American democracy

Conduct of foreign affairs by the American democracy

Chapter ⅩⅣ WHAT ARE THE REAL ADVANTAGES WHICH AMERICAN SOCIETY DERIVES FROM A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

General tendency of the laws under American democ-racy,and instincts of those who apply them

Public spirit in the United States

The idea of rights in the United States

Respect for law in the United States

Activity that pervades all parts of the body politic in the United States;influence that it exercises upon society

Chapter ⅩⅤ UNLIMITED POWER OF THE MAJORITY IN THE UNITED STATES,AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

How the omnipotence of the majority increases,in Amer-ica,the instability of legislation and administration inherent in democracy

Tyranny of the majority

Effects of the omnipotence of the majority upon the arbi-trary authority of American public officers

Power exercised by the majority in America upon opinion

Effects of the tyranny of the majority upon the national character of the Americans.-The courtier spirit in the United States

The greatest dangers of the American republics proceed from the omnipotence of the majority

Chapter ⅩⅥ CAUSES WHICH MITIGATE THE TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY IN THE UNITED STATES

Absence of centralized administration

The temper of the legal profession in the United States,and how it serves as a counterpoise to democracy

Trial by jury in the United States considered as a political institution

Chapter ⅩⅦ PRINCIPAL CAUSES WHICH TEND TO MAINTAIN THE DEMO-CRATIC REPUBLIC IN THE UNITED STATES

Accidental or providential causes which contribute to maintain the democratic republic in the United States

Influence of the laws upon the maintenance of the demo-cratic republic in the United States

Influence of customs upon the maintenance of a demo-cratic republic in the United States

Religion considered as a political institution which pow-erfully contributes to the maintenance of a demo-cratic republic among the Americans

Indirect influence of religious opinions upon political so-ciety in the United States

Principal causes Which render religion powerful in Amer-ica

How the education,the habits,and the practical expe-rience of the Americans promote the success of their democratic institutions

The laws contribute more to the maintenance of the dem-ocratic republic in the United States than the physical circumstances of the country,and the customs more than the laws

Whether laws and customs are sufficient to maintain democratic institutions in other countries besides America

Importance of what precedes with respect to the state of Europe

Chapter ⅩⅧ THE PRESENT AND PROBABLE FUTURE CONDITION OF THE THREE RACES THAT INHABIT THE TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES

The present and probable future condition of the Indian tribes that inhabit the territory possessed by the Union

Situation of the black population in the United States,and dangers with which its presence threatens the whites

What are the chances of duration of the American Union,and what dangers threaten it

Of the republican institutions of the United States,and what their chances of duration are

Some considerations on the causes of the commercial prosperity of the United States

CONCLUSION

INDEX


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