Chapter One The Classic Age： Greek and Roman Cultures

Ⅰ.Greek Culture

1.Background

2.Literature

3.History

4.Philosophy

5.Science

6.Art， Architecture， Sculpture and Pottery

7.Influence and Contribution

Ⅱ.Roman Culture

1.Background

2.Literature

3.Architecture and Sculpture

Exercises

Chapter Two Biblical Culture

Ⅰ.Introduction

Ⅱ.The Old Testament

1.The Old Testament

2.Components of the Old Testament

Ⅲ.Rise of Christianity

1.The Life of Jesus

2.The Spread of Christianity

Ⅳ.The New Testament

1.The Birth of Jesus

2.Jesus Is Tempted by the Devil

3.The Sermon on the Mount

4.The Last Supper

5.The Crucifixion

Ⅴ.Translation of the Bible

Exercises

Chapter Three The Middle Ages： Pavement for Renaissance

Ⅰ.Introduction

Ⅱ.Manor and Church

1.Feudalism

2.The Church

3.The Crusades

Ⅲ.Learning and Science

1.Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance

2.Alfred the Great and Wessex as the Centre of Learning

3.St.Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism

4.Roger Bacon and Experimental Science

Ⅳ.Literature

1.National Epics

2.Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy

3.Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales

Ⅴ.Art and Architecture

1.Romanesque

2.Gothic

Exercises

Chapter Four The Age of Renaissance and Religious Reformation

Ⅰ.Introduction

1.About the Renaissance

2.About Humanism

Ⅱ.Renaissance in Italy

1.Reasons Why the Renaissance Started in Italy

2.The Development of Renaissance in Italy

3.Literature

4.Art and Architecture

Ⅲ.Reformation and Counter-Reformation

1.Pre-Luther Religious Reformers

2.Martin Luther and His Doctrines

3.John Calvin and Calvinism

4.Reformation in England

5.Counter-Reformation

6.Protestantism and the Rise of Capitalism

7.Conclusion

Ⅳ.Renaissance in Other Countries

1.Renaissance in France

2.Renaissance in Spain

3.Renaissance in the North

4.Renaissance in England

Ⅴ.Science and Technology During the Renaissance

1.Geographic Discoveries

2.Astronomy

3.Anatomy

4.Printing

5.Political Science and Historiography

Ⅵ.Brief Summary

Exercises

Chapter Five The Age of Experiments in the Seventeenth Century

Ⅰ.Introduction

Ⅱ.The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

1.Background

2.Scientific Discoveries and New Theories

3.The Influence of the Scientific Revolution on Western Ideology

Ⅲ.The Experiments of New Social Systems

1.France and Absolute Monarchy

2.England and the Constitutional Monarchy

Ⅳ.The Baroque Art

1.Baroque Art in Italy

2.Baroque Art in Flanders

3.Baroque Art in Spain

4.Baroque Art in Holland

5.Baroque Music

Exercises

Chapter Six The Age of Enlightenment in the Eighteenth Century

Ⅰ.The Enlightenment

1.About the Enlightenment

2.About the “Philosophe”

3.The Enlightenment in Different Countries

Ⅱ.The French Revolution

Ⅲ.The Industrial Revolution

Ⅳ.The Rococo Art

Ⅴ.Classical Music

1.Franz Joseph Haydn

2.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Exercises

Chapter Seven The Age of Romanticism in the Nineteenth Century

Ⅰ.Romanticism

1.Background

2.Features of Romanticism

Ⅱ.Romantic Literature

1.Romanticism in Germany

2.Romanticism in France

3.Romanticism in England

4.Romanticism in Russia

5.Romanticism in Italy

Ⅲ.Romantic Art and Music

1.Paintings

2.Architecture

3.Music

Exercises

Chapter Eight The Age of Marxism， Darwinism and Other “-isms”

Ⅰ.Industrialization and Marxism

1.Introduction

2.Background

3.Basic Ideas of Marxism

4.Marx and Engels on Literature and Art

Ⅱ.Darwinism and the Theory of Organic Evolution

1.The Term Darwinism

2.Ideas of Evolution Before Darwinism

3.Charles Darwin and Darwinism

Ⅲ.Early Realism and Positivism in Art

Exercises

Chapter Nine The Age of Realism

Ⅰ.Introduction

1.Realism： Life “As It Is”

2.Background

Ⅱ.Realism in France

1.Stendhal

2.Honore de Balzac

3.Gustave Flaubert

4.Emile Zola

5.Guy de Maupassant

Ⅲ.Realism in Russia

1.Nikolai Gogol

2.Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev

3.Fyodor Dostoevsky

4.Count Leo Tolstoy

5.Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Ⅳ.Realism in North Europe

1.Henrik Ibsen

2.August Strindberg

Ⅴ.Realism in England

1.Charles Dickens

2.George Eliot

3.William Makepeace Thackeray

4.Thomas Hardy

Ⅵ.Impressionism and Post-Impressionism in Art

1.Impressionism in Art

2.Post-Impressionism

Ⅶ.Other Artistic Forms

1.Music

2.Sculpture and Architecture

Exercises

Chapter Ten The Age of Modernism in the Twentieth Century

Ⅰ.Modernism

1.Social Crisis in the Twentieth Century

2.New Discoveries and New Thoughts

Ⅱ.Modernist Literature

1.Imagism

2.Stream of Consciousness

3.New Novel

4.Theatre of the Absurd

5.Angry Young Men

Ⅲ.Modern Art

1.Fauvism

2.Cubism

3.Dadaism

4.Expressionism

5.Surrealism

Ⅳ.Modern Music

1.Arnold Schoenberg

2.Igor Stravinsky

Exercises

Key to the Exercises