1．Introduction

1.1 Fundamental Forces

1.1.1 The Gravitational Force

1.1.2 The Weak Nuclear Force

1.1.3 The Electromagnetic Force

1.1.4 The Strong Nuclear Force

1.2 Relative Strength of Four Fundamental Forces

1.3 Range of the Three Basic Forces

1.4 Classification of Matter

1.5 Strong Color Charges

1.6 Fundamental Role of“Charges” in the Unification of Forces

1.7 Strong Quark-Quark Force

1.8 Grand Unification

1.9 Units and Notation

1.10 Problems

1.11 References

2．Scattering and Particle Interaction

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Kinematics of a Scattering Process

2.3 Interaction Picture

2.4 Scattering Matrix(S-Matrix)

2.5 Phase Space

2.6 Examples

2.6.1 Two-body Scattering

2.6.2 Three-body Decay

2.7 Electromagnetic Interaction

2.8 Weak Interaction

2.9 Hadronic Cross-section

2.10 Problems

2.11 References

3．Space-Time Symmetries

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Rotation and SO(3) Group

3.1.2 Translation

3.1.3 Lorentz Group

3.2 Invariance Principle

3.2.1 U Continuous

3.2.2 U is Discrete(e.g.Space Reflection)

3.3 Parity

3.4 Intrinsic Parity

3.4.1 Intrinsic Parity of Pion

3.5 Parity Constraints on S-Matrix for Hadronic Reactions

3.5.1 Scattering of Spin 0 Particles on Spin 1/2 Particles

3.5.2 Decay of a Spin 0+ Particle into Three Spinless Particles Each Having Odd Parity

3.6 Time Reversal

3.6.1 Unitarity

3.6.2 Reciprocity Relation

3.7 Applications

3.7.1 Detailed Balance Principle

3.8 Unitarity Constraints

3.8.1 Two-Particle Partial Wave Unitarity

3.9 Problems

3.10 References

4．Internal Symmetries

4.1 Selection Rules and Globally Conserved Quantum Numbers

4.2 Isospin

4.2.1 Electromagnetic Interaction and Isospin

4.2.2 Weak Interaction and Isospin

4.3 Resonance Production

4.3.1 △-resonance

4.3.2 Spin of △

4.4 Charge Conjugation

4.5 G-Parity

4.6 Problems

4.7 References

5．Unitary Groups and SU(3)

5.1 Unitary Groups and SU(3)

5.2 Particle Representations in Flavor SU(3)

5.2.1 Mesons

5.2.2 Baryons

5.3 U-Spin

5.4 Irreducible Representations of SU(3)

5.4.1 Young's Tableaux

5.5 SU(N)

5.6 Applications of Flavor SU(3)

5.6.1 SU(3) Invariant BBP Couplings

5.6.2 VPP Coupling

5.7 Mass Splitting in Flavor SU(3)

5.8 Problems

5.9 References

6．SU(6) and Quark Model

6.1 SU(6)

6.1.1 SU(6) Wave Function for Mesons

6.2 Magnetic Moments of Baryons

6.3 Radiative Decays of Vector Mesons

6.4 Radiative Decays(Complementary Derivation)

6.4.1 Mesonic Radiative Decays V=P+γ

6.4.2 Baryonic Radiative Decay

6.5 Problems

6.6 References

7．Color,Gauge Principle and Quantum Chromodynamics

7.1 Evidence for Color

7.2 Gauge Principle

7.2.1 Aharanov and Bohm Experiment

7.2.2 Gauge Principle for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

7.3 Non-Abelion Local Gauge Transformations(Yang-Mills)

7.4 Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD)

7.4.1 Conserved Current

7.4.2 Experimental Determinations of αs(q2) and Asymptotic Freedom of QCD

7.5 Hadron Spectroscopy

7.5.1 One Gluon Exchange Potential

7.5.2 Long Range QCD Motivated Potential

7.5.3 Spin-Spin Interaction

7.6 The Mass Spectrum

7.6.1 Meson Mass Relations

7.6.2 Baryon Mass Spectrum

7.7 Problems

7.8 References

8．Heavy Flavors

8.1 Discovery of Charm

8.1.1 Isospin

8.1.2 SU(3) Classification

8.2 Charm

8.2.1 Heavy Mesons

8.2.2 The Fifth Quark Flavor:Bottom Mesons

8.2.3 The Sixth Quark Flavor:The Top

8.3 Strong and Radiative Decays of D＊ Mesons

8.4 Heavy Baryons

8.5 Quarkonium

8.6 Leptonic Decay Width of Quarkonium

8.7 Hadronic Decay Width

8.8 Non-Relativistic Treatment of Quarkonium

8.9 Cbservations

8.10 Tetraquark

8.11 Problems

8.12 References

9．Heavy Quark Effective Theory

9.1 Effective Lagrangian

9.2 Spin Symmetry of Heavy Quark

9.3 Mass Spectroscopy for Hadrons with One Heavy Quark

9.4 The P-wave Heavy Mesons:Mass Spectroscopy

9.5 Decays of P-wave Mesons

9.6 Problems

9.7 References

10．Weak Interaction

10.1 V-A Interaction

10.1.1 Helicity of the Neutrino

10.2 Classification of Weak Processes

10.2.1 Purely Leptonic Processes

10.2.2 Semileptonic Processes

10.2.3 Non-Leptonic Processes

10.2.4 μ-Decay

10.2.5 Remarks

10.2.6 Semi-Leptonic Processes

10.3 Baryon Decays

10.4 Pseudoscalar Meson Decays

10.4.1 Pion Decay

10.4.2 Strangeness Changing Semi-Leptonic Decays

10.5 Hadronic Weak Decays

10.5.1 Non-Leptonic Decays of Hyperons

10.5.2 △I=1/2 Rule for Hyperon Decays

10.5.3 Non-leptonic Hyperon Decays in Non-Relativistic Quark Model

10.6 Problems

10.7 References

11．Properties of Weak Hadronic Currents and Chiral Symmetry

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Conserved Vector Current Hypothesis(CVC)

11.3 Partially Conserved Axial Vector Current Hypothesis(PCAC)

11.4 Current Algebra and Chiral Symmetry

11.4.1 Explicit Breaking of Chiral Symmetry

11.4.2 An Application of Chiral Symmetry to Non-Leptonic Decays of Hyperons

11.5 Axial Anomaly

11.6 QCD Sum Rules

11.7 Problens

11.8 References

12．Neutrino

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Intrinsic Properties of Neutrinos

12.3 Mass

12.3.1 Constraints on Neutrino Mass

12.3.2 Dirac and Majorana Masses

12.3.3 Fermion Masses in the Standard Model(SM) and See-saw Mechanism

12.4 Neutrino Oscillations

12.4.1 Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein Effect

12.4.2 Evolution of Flavor Eigenstates in Matter

12.5 Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations

12.5.1 Disappearance Experiments

12.5.2 Appearance Experiments

12.6 Neutrino Mass Models and Mixing Matrix and Symmetries

12.7 Neutrino Magnetic Moment

12.8 Problems

12.9 References

13．Electroweak Unification

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Higgs Mechanism

13.2.1 Higgs Mechanism

13.2.2 Gauge Symmetry Breaking for Chiral U1？U2 Group

13.3 Renormalizability

13.4 Electroweak Unification

13.4.1 Experimental Consequences of the Electroweak Unification

13.4.2 Need for Radiative Corrections

13.4.3 Experiments which Determine sin2θW

13.5 Decay Widths of W and Z Bosons

13.6 Tests of Yang-Mills Character of Gauge Bosons

13.7 Higgs Boson Mass

13.8 Upper Bound

13.8.1 Unitarity

13.8.2 Finiteness of Couplings

13.9 Standard Model,Higgs Boson Searches,Production at De-cays

13.9.1 LEP-2

13.9.2 LHC and Tevatron

13.10 Two Higgs Doublet Model(2HDM)

13.11 GIM Mechanism

13.12 Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix

13.13 Axial Anomaly

13.14 Problems

13.15 References

14．Deep Inelastic Scattering

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Deep-Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering

14.3 Parton Model

14.4 Deep Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering

14.5 Sum Rules

14.6 Deep-Inelastic Scattering Involving Neutral Weak Currents

14.7 Problems

14.8 References

15．Weak Decays of Heavy Flavors

15.1 Leptonic Decays of τ Lepton

15.2 Semi-Hadronic Decays of τ Lepton

15.2.1 Special Cases

15.3 Weak Decays of Heavy Flavors

15.3.1 Leptonic Decays of D and B Mesons

15.3.2 Semileptonic Decays of D and B Mesons

15.3.3 (Exclusive)Semileptonic Decays of D and B Mesons

15.3.4 Weak Hadronic Decays of B Mesons

15.3.5 Inclusive Hadronic B Decays

15.3.6 Radiative Decays of Bq Mesons

15.4 Inclusive Hadronic Decays of D-Mesons

15.4.1 Scattering and Annihilation Diagrams

15.5 Problems

15.6 References

16．Particle Mixing and CP-Violation

16.1 Introduction

16.2 CPT and CP Invariance

16.3 CP-Violation in the Standard Model

16.4 Particle Mixing

16.5 K0-？0 Complex and CP-Violation in K-Decay

16.6 B0-？0 Complex

16.7 CP-Violation in B-Decays

16.8 CP-Violation in Hadronic Weak Decays of Baryons

16.9 Problems

16.10 References

17．Grand Unification,Supersymmetry and Strings

17.1 Grand Unification

17.1.1 q2 Evolution of Gauge Coupling Constants and the Grand Unification Mass Scale

17.1.2 General Consequences of GUTS

17.2 PoincaréGroup and Supersymmetry

17.2.1 Introduction

17.2.2 Poincaré Group

17.2.3 Two-Component Weyl Spinors

17.2.4 Spinor Algebra,Supersymmetry

17.2.5 Supersymmetric Multiplets

17.3 Supersymmetry and Strings

17.3.1 Introduction

17.3.2 Supersymmetry

17.4 String Theory and Duality

17.4.1 M-theory

17.5 Some Important Results

17.6 Conclusions

17.7 Problems

17.8 References

18．Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

18.1 Cosmological Principle and Expansion of the Universe

18.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology

18.3 Cosmological Parameters and the Standard Model Solutions

18.4 Accelerating Universe and Dark Energy

18.4.1 Evidence from Supernovae

18.4.2 Evidence from CMB Data

18.4.3 Quintessence

18.4.4 Modified Gravity

18.5 Hot Big Bang:Thermal History ofthe Universe

18.5.1 Thermal Equilibrium

18.5.2 The Radiation Era

18.6 Freeze Out

18.7 Limit on Neutrino Mass

18.8 Primordial Nucleosynthesis

18.9 Infation

18.9.1 Horizon Problem

18.9.2 Flatness Problem

18.9.3 Realization of Inflation

18.9.4 Slow-roll Inflation

18.10 Baryogenesis

18.10.1 Sakharov's Conditions

18.10.2 Various Scenarios for Baryogenesis

18.10.3 Leptogenesis

18.11 Problems

18.12 References

Appendix A Quantum Field Theory

A.1 Spin 0 Field

A.2 Spin 1/2 Particle

A.2.1 Pauli Representation of γ Matrices

A.2.2 Weyl Representation of γ Matrices

A.3 Trace of γ Matrices

A.4 Spin 1 Field

A.5 Massive Spin 1 Particle

A.6 Feynman Rules for S-Matrix in Momentum Space

A.7 Application of Feynman Rules

A.7.1 e+e-→Hadrons

A.7.2 Electron Scattering and Structureless Spin 1/2 Target

A.8 Discrete Symmetries

A.8.1 Charge Conjugation

A.8.2 Space Reflection

A.8.3 Time Reversal

A.9 Problems

Appendix B Renormalization Group and Running Coupling Constant

B.1 Feynman Rules for Quantum Chromodynamics

B.2 Renormalization Group,Coupling Constant and Asymp-totic Freedom

B.3 Running Coupling Constant in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)

B.4 Running Coupling Constant for SU(2) Gauge Group

B.5 Renormalization Group and High Q2 Behavior of Green's Function

B.5.1 Gluon Propagator

B.5.2 Fermion Propagator

B.6 References for Appendices

Index